A comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Materials Science for Energy Technologies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 44 - 65

Published: July 26, 2024

Hydrogen has attracted growing research interest due to its exceptionally high energy per mass content and being a clean carrier, unlike the widely used hydrocarbon fuels. With possibility of long-term storage re-electrification, hydrogen promises promote effective utilization renewable sustainable resources. Clean can be produced through renewable-powered water electrolysis process. Although alkaline is currently mature commercially available technology for production, it several shortcomings that hinder integration with intermittent fluctuating sources. The proton exchange membrane (PEMWE) been developed offer voltage efficiencies at current densities. Besides, PEMWE cells are characterized by fast system response power, enabling operations broader partial power load ranges while consistently delivering high-purity low ohmic losses. Recently, much effort devoted improving efficiency, performance, durability, economy cells. activities in this context include investigations different cell component materials, protective coatings, material characterizations, as well synthesis analysis new electrocatalysts enhanced electrochemical activity stability minimized use noble metals. Further, many modeling studies have reported analyze performance considering electrochemistry, overvoltage, thermodynamics. Thus, imperative review compile recent covering multiple aspects one literature present advancements limitations field. This article offers comprehensive state-of-the-art It compiles on each discusses how characteristics these components affect overall performance. In addition, various catalyst materials reviewed. thermodynamics electrochemistry electrolytic splitting described, inherent overvoltage elucidated. modeling, aimed analyzing cells, compiled. Overall, provides components, electrocatalysts, but pursuit seamless transition energy.

Language: Английский

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Development of noble metal-free electrocatalysts towards acidic water oxidation: From fundamental understanding to state-of-the-art catalysts

eScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100295 - 100295

Published: July 1, 2024

The development of low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid electrolytes is critical to the widespread implementation proton electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) towards carbon neutralization. Noble metal Ir- Ru-based materials are state-of-the-art catalysts but still suffer from prohibitive price scarcity. In this context, a variety noble metal-free have been developed decrease cost PEMWE. review, we first summarize activity expression mechanism stability issues non-precious catalysts, highlighting origins performance degradation possible mitigation strategies. Then, systematically review several recently focusing on design rationale structure-performance relation. Finally, prospects non-noble prospected, with potential challenges practical applications presented.

Language: Английский

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Chromium‐Induced High Covalent Co–O Bonds for Efficient Anodic Catalysts in PEM Electrolyzer

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(25)

Published: April 22, 2024

Abstract The proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE), crucial for green hydrogen production, is challenged by the scarcity and high cost of iridium‐based materials. Cobalt oxides, as ideal electrocatalysts oxygen evolution reaction (OER), have not been extensively applied in PEMWE, due to extremely voltage poor stability at large current density, caused complicated structural variations cobalt compounds during OER process. Thus, authors sought introduce chromium into a spinel (Co 3 O 4 ) catalyst regulate electronic structure cobalt, exhibiting higher oxidation state increased Co–O covalency with stable structure. In‐depth operando characterizations theoretical calculations revealed that activated adaptable redox behavior are facilitating its activity. Both turnover frequency mass activity Cr‐doped Co (CoCr) 1.67 V (vs RHE) over eight times than those as‐synthesized . obtained CoCr achieved 1500 mA cm −2 2.17 exhibited notable durability extended operation periods – 100 h 500 , demonstrating promising application PEMWE industry.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Impact of Oxygen Vacancy on Electrochemical Valorization of Polyester Over Spinel Oxides

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Abstract Electrochemical upcycling of end‐of‐life polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using renewable electricity offers a route to generate valuable chemicals while processing plastic wastes. However, it remains huge challenge design an electrocatalyst with reliable structure‐property relationships for PET valorization. Herein, spinel Co 3 O 4 rich oxygen vacancies improved activity toward formic acid (FA) production from hydrolysate is reported. Experimental investigations combined theoretical calculations reveal that incorporation V into not only promotes the generation reactive hydroxyl species (OH * ) at adjacent tetrahedral 2+ (Co2+ Td), but also induces electronic structure transition octahedral 3+ (Co3+ Oh) Oh), which typically functions as highly‐active catalytic sites ethylene glycol (EG) chemisorption. Moreover, enlarged Co‐O covalency induced by facilitates electron transfer EG OH via Co2+ Oh‐O‐Co2+ Td interaction and following C─C bond cleavage direct oxidation glyoxal intermediate pathway. As result, ‐Co catalyst exhibits high half‐cell oxidation, Faradaic efficiency (91%) productivity (1.02 mmol cm −2 h −1 FA. Lastly, demonstrated hundred gram‐scale formate crystals can be produced real‐world bottles two‐electrode electroreforming, yield 82%.

Language: Английский

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Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance of Cr-Cofe-Layered Double Hydroxide Via the Synergistic Roles of Fe Etching, Cr Doping, and Anion Intercalation

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unitized regenerative fuel cells: Fundamental challenges and advancements

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 215, P. 115631 - 115631

Published: March 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance of Cr-CoFe-layered double hydroxide via the synergistic roles of Fe etching, Cr doping, and anion intercalation

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 137449 - 137449

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Toward a molecular-scale picture of water electrolysis: mechanistic insights, fundamental kinetics and electrocatalyst dynamic evolution

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 536, P. 216651 - 216651

Published: April 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Multifunctional Hierarchical Electronic Skins: Unveiling Self-Repairing Mechanisms and Advancements in Sensing and Shielding Performance

Composites Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 256, P. 110769 - 110769

Published: July 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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