Damping Supramolecular Elastomer for Steady Hypothermic Sensing

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Abstract Flexible temperature sensors often use gels to achieve skin‐inspired softness, but the water evaporation and freezing of hydrogel leakage ionogel, cause unstable signal transmission inaccurate measurement at sub‐zero temperatures. Here steady hypothermic sensing is achieved by designing a supramolecular elastomer containing two types segments: liquid‐free iontronic segment transmit electrical charges prevent ion leakage, neutral with pendant chains damp vibration for stable transmission. The exhibits excellent tensile properties, adhesiveness, self‐healing, ionic conductivity A wireless system fabricated based on supermolecule elastomer, realizing accurate, steady, sensitive real‐time detection. Especially, sensor coefficient resistance (TCR) 8.87% °C −1 from −20 −15 °C, three five times higher than that most flexible sensors. There no significant difference in detected this an infrared thermal imaging camera. Such represents step toward highly accurate cold chain transportation beyond.

Language: Английский

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A Low-Cost Hydrogel Electrode for Multifunctional Sensing: Strain, Temperature, and Electrophysiology

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 177 - 177

Published: March 11, 2025

With the rapid development of wearable technology, multifunctional sensors have demonstrated immense application potential. However, limitations traditional rigid materials restrict flexibility and widespread adoption such sensors. Hydrogels, as flexible materials, provide an effective solution to this challenge due their excellent stretchability, biocompatibility, adaptability. This study developed a sensor based on composite hydrogel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sodium alginate (SA), using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) conductive material achieve detection strain, temperature, physiological signals. The features simple fabrication process, low cost, impedance. Experimental results show that prepared exhibits outstanding mechanical properties conductivity, with strength 118.8 kPa, elongation 334%, conductivity 256 mS/m. In strain sensing, demonstrates response minor strains (4%), high sensitivity (gauge factors 0.39 for 0–120% 0.73 120–200% ranges), short time (2.2 s), hysteresis, cyclic stability (over 500 cycles). For temperature achieves sensitivities −27.43 Ω/K (resistance mode) 0.729 mV/K (voltage mode), along stable performance across varying ranges. Furthermore, has been successfully applied monitor human motion (e.g., finger bending, wrist movement) signals electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG), highlighting its significant potential in health monitoring. By employing efficient method, presents high-performance sensor, offering novel insights technical support advancement devices.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogel-Based Biointerfaces: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions in Human–Machine Integration

Gels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 232 - 232

Published: March 23, 2025

Human–machine interfacing (HMI) has emerged as a critical technology in healthcare, robotics, and wearable electronics, with hydrogels offering unique advantages multifunctional materials that seamlessly connect biological systems electronic devices. This review provides detailed examination of recent advancements hydrogel design, focusing on their properties potential applications HMI. We explore the key characteristics such biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, responsiveness, which are essential for effective long-term integration tissues. Additionally, we highlight innovations conductive hydrogels, hybrid composite materials, fabrication techniques 3D/4D printing, allow customization to meet demands specific HMI applications. Further, discuss diverse classes polymers contribute conductivity, including conducting, natural, synthetic, polymers, emphasizing role enhancing electrical performance adaptability. In addition material examine regulatory landscape governing hydrogel-based biointerfaces applications, addressing considerations clinical translation commercialization. An analysis patent insights into emerging trends shaping future technologies human–machine interactions. The also covers range neural interfaces, soft haptic systems, where play transformative Thereafter, addresses challenges face issues related stability, scalability, while perspectives continued evolution technologies.

Language: Английский

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Survey of Sustainable Wearable Strain Sensors Enabled by Biopolymers and Conductive Organic Polymers

Gels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 235 - 235

Published: March 24, 2025

The field of wearable sensors has evolved with operating devices capable measuring biomechanics and biometrics, detecting speech. transduction, being the conversion biosignal to a measurable quantifiable electrical signal, is governed by conductive organic polymer. Meanwhile, conformality skin substrate quintessential. Both polymer must work in concert reversibly deform user’s movements for motion tracking. While polydimethylsiloxane shows mechanical compliance as sensor substrate, it environmental interest replace sustainable degradable alternatives. As both bulk weight area consist using renewable biodegradable materials its preparation would be an important step toward improving lifecycle sensors. This review highlights resistive that are prepared from naturally occurring polymers biodegradable. Conductive polythiophenes also presented, well how they integrated into biopolymer showing skin. highlighted because structural conformality, conductivity, processability, ensuring fulfils requirements use without adversely affecting overall sustainability biodegradability Different their performance compared conventional illustrate successful integration biosourced comprising desired elasticity sensitivity movement. current state-of-the-art along knowledge biopolymers different fields can leveraged rational design next generation potentially composted after use.

Language: Английский

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Design Strategies and Emerging Applications of Conductive Hydrogels in Wearable Sensing

Gels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 258 - 258

Published: April 1, 2025

Conductive hydrogels, integrating high conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility, have emerged as crucial materials driving the evolution of next-generation wearable sensors. Their unique ability to establish seamless interfaces with biological tissues enables real-time acquisition physiological signals, external stimuli, even therapeutic feedback, paving way for intelligent health monitoring personalized medical interventions. To fully harness their potential, significant efforts been dedicated tailoring conductive networks, properties, environmental stability these hydrogels through rational design systematic optimization. This review comprehensively summarizes strategies categorized into metal-based, carbon-based, polymer-based, ionic, hybrid systems. For each type, highlights structural principles, conductivity enhancement, approaches simultaneously enhance robustness long-term under complex environments. Furthermore, emerging applications in sensing systems are thoroughly discussed, covering signal monitoring, mechano-responsive platforms, closed-loop diagnostic–therapeutic Finally, this identifies key challenges offers future perspectives guide development multifunctional, intelligent, scalable hydrogel sensors, accelerating translation advanced flexible electronics smart healthcare technologies.

Language: Английский

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Design and application of a polyacrylamide-grafted gelatin/biochar/Fe3O4 magnetic coagulant for microcystin-LR and turbidity co-removal: A case study with Yangtze River water

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 143349 - 143349

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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