Evaluating Lead-Based vs. Lead-Free Perovskites for Environmentally Sustainable Indoor Photovoltaics DOI Creative Commons
Charlotte Clegg, Jianjun Mei,

A. Ucles Fuensanta

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Abstract Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) based on halide perovskites (HPs) and derivatives (HPDs) hold great promise for powering the vast infrastructure of Internet-of-Things (IoT) smart devices. While lead-containing IPVs deliver cutting-edge performance, environmental concerns have spurred research into lead-free alternatives. However, sustainability these IPV technologies remains underexplored, with lead-based versus debate confined to elemental considerations, neglecting life-cycle impacts requirements. This study presents first comparative assessment (LCA) addressing vs. HP/HPD dilemma, examining absorbers, precursors, functional layers, fabrication steps. A modelling framework is introduced evaluate net gains (NEGs) compared conventional battery-centric approach Our findings challenge assumptions that are inherently more eco-friendly than their counterparts. Moreover, we demonstrate Pb- Sn-based can achieve NEGs after just 3–4 weeks 4–7 weeks, respectively, significantly outperforming mainstream IPVs. In contrast, Sb- Bi-based align IPVs, limiting potential unless efficiencies increase ~40%. Key strategies enhance eco-friendliness policy considerations Pb-based IoT outlined.

Language: Английский

Evaluating Lead-Based vs. Lead-Free Perovskites for Environmentally Sustainable Indoor Photovoltaics DOI Creative Commons
Charlotte Clegg, Jianjun Mei,

A. Ucles Fuensanta

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Abstract Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) based on halide perovskites (HPs) and derivatives (HPDs) hold great promise for powering the vast infrastructure of Internet-of-Things (IoT) smart devices. While lead-containing IPVs deliver cutting-edge performance, environmental concerns have spurred research into lead-free alternatives. However, sustainability these IPV technologies remains underexplored, with lead-based versus debate confined to elemental considerations, neglecting life-cycle impacts requirements. This study presents first comparative assessment (LCA) addressing vs. HP/HPD dilemma, examining absorbers, precursors, functional layers, fabrication steps. A modelling framework is introduced evaluate net gains (NEGs) compared conventional battery-centric approach Our findings challenge assumptions that are inherently more eco-friendly than their counterparts. Moreover, we demonstrate Pb- Sn-based can achieve NEGs after just 3–4 weeks 4–7 weeks, respectively, significantly outperforming mainstream IPVs. In contrast, Sb- Bi-based align IPVs, limiting potential unless efficiencies increase ~40%. Key strategies enhance eco-friendliness policy considerations Pb-based IoT outlined.

Language: Английский

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