Atomic Size Misfit for Electrocatalytic Small Molecule Activation

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 26, 2025

Abstract The efficient activation of small molecules such as H 2 O, CO , and N for sustainable fuel chemical production is a critical challenge in catalysis, owing to the strong covalent bonds (O─H, C═O, N≡N) that resist easy cleavage. Catalysts are pivotal overcoming these energy barriers, enhancing reaction rates selectivity. strategy atomic size misfit, which introduces structural defects like vacancies, grain boundaries, dislocations, has gained attention promising approach optimize catalytic activity. This modulates interactions, alters electronic structures, enhances reactivity active sites, facilitating molecules. Moreover, this holds significant potential reducing environmental impact by enabling more processes. However, current research on misfit remains fragmented, lacking unified framework. A comprehensive review essential consolidate its mechanisms, applications, integration with other tuning methods alloying doping. aims provide valuable insights into design next‐generation catalysts, guiding future developments conversion technologies offering pathways practical, scalable applications molecule activation.

Language: Английский

Interface Engineering Strategies for Realizing Anode‐Free Sodium Batteries: A Review

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 1, 2025

Abstract Sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) emerge as promising alternatives to lithium‐ion due sodium's abundance, low cost, and sustainability. However, NIBs face challenges such lower energy density, electrode material compatibility, long‐term stability. Anode‐free sodium (AFNBs) address these limitations by eliminating the pretreatment anode, using a current collector for plating stripping, thus increasing density simplifying manufacturing. Several types of AFNBs, including anode‐free Na‐metal, Na‐solid‐state, Na‐air/CO 2 batteries, are under development, each targeting specific electrochemical challenges. Na‐metal offer high but suffer from dendrite formation unstable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI). Na‐solid‐state enhance safety issues with interfacial resistance limited ionic conductivity. promise exceptional densities still in early stages, struggle Na lose stability concerns. Interface engineering plays crucial role overcoming challenges, particularly controlling deposition, stabilizing SEI, minimizing side reactions. Research focuses on optimizing interface through surface modifications, electrolyte composition, protective coatings suppress cycling This review highlights latest advancements explores future directions aiming develop high‐energy‐density, durable, safe sodium‐based storage systems.

Language: Английский