Synergistic effects of biochar and plants can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from salt affected soil

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 14, 2025

Applying biochar and using cover crops are two potential approaches to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the effectiveness of these methods, individually or in combination, salt-affected soils remains unclear. Thus, objective was determine impact barley (Hordeum vulgare) on N2O CO2 emissions from soil. During 28-day replicated study, GHG were measured near-continuously number nirK, nirS, qnorB, nosZ gene copies 12 28 days after planting (DAP). Biochar accelerated emergence reduced N2O–N CO2–C by 68% 44% 8 14 DAP, respectively. Barley 30.4% between at DAP it nirK copies, that encodes for nitrite reductase 40.9% increased nitrous oxide 193%. The attributed reduction soil respiration, whereas changes leading efficiency N2. Overall, combining with resulted greatest (85%) compared alone.

Language: Английский

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Can the agricultural and environmental community agree on a pathway to food and environmental security?

Agronomy Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 116(4), P. 2085 - 2087

Published: June 4, 2024

Since the dawn of agriculture, food security was improved by replacing hunting with domesticated animals and gathering replaced planting seeds in soil. In many areas, agricultural practices resulted ecological systems being plants animals. This fundamental process created resources needed to build Great Pyramid Giza Hanging gardens Babylon. However, these production also contributed Irish potato famine, North America Plains dust bowl, extinction From spectacular successes failures, we learned that environmental requires a skilled workforce new innovations are often solve complex problems. For example, during transition from European Middle Age 16th century, farmers economic switching two-field rotation (one seeded one fallow or resting) Norfolk consisted wheat (Triticum aestivum), turnips (Brassica rapa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), clover (Trifolium). increased productivity, diets, provided for industrial revolution. Over time, sustainable careful attention soil health. multiyear drought 1930's when combined plowing led "Dust Bowl". Based on other lessons, hypothesize avoid future insecurity, need common vision considers soil, ecosystem, human, health (D. E. Clay et al., 2012; Smart 2015). Building unified is complicated scientific disagreements, social differences, lack consensus facts. how much land used produce annual crops Plains? The answer this question different databases producing answers (Lark 2015, 2017; Reitsma 2016; USDA, 2020; Center Spatial Information Science Systems, 2024) research papers make unvalidated predictions. Rashford al. (2010) predicted Prairie Pothole region America, approximately 12.1 million ha (30 acres) grasslands would be converted cultivated 2011 if corn (Zea mays) selling price continued increase. Subsequent analysis showed even though prices increased, wide-scale use changes never occurred (Joshi 2019; Lark 2015; Wright & Wimberly, 2013). change attributed who valued multiple income streams whose actions were modified family stories passed down generation next 2019). A secondary problem disciplines occupations define terms differently. an economist might marginal as low potential profit, whereas scientist high erosion potential. means "marginal" has meaning people and, therefore, may poor benchmark comparisons (Csikós Tóth, 2023). Modeling programs have been provide comparison. One approach called life cycle (LCA) (Sieverding 2020). LCA, direct indirect impacts product cradle grave greenhouse gas summed determine score. Direct effects directly related given product. nitrous oxide carbon dioxide emitted applying fertilizer? Whereas not linked Problems models scores, considered, there what should included LCA calculation. addition, account recent discoveries (S. A. consider An assess impact USDA-land capability classification (LCC) system (Soil Conservation Service-USDA, 1961). separates into eight categories ranging I VIII. Class does limitation LCC values II–VIII can identified having (e), wetness (w), (s), climate (c). identify long-term sustainability risks 2010; while providing useful information, complete assessment Meeting goal improving our challenge because focused "Now" opposed future. We believe create vision, (1) transparent thoughtful dialog across required, (2) agree definitions key terms, (3) clear boundaries discussions between needed, (4) visions discussed respectfully, (5) commonality needs identified, (6) finally, discuss reach vision. address 21st-century challenges, it important look back before forward. David Clay: Conceptualization; writing—original draft. Nicholas J. Goeser: writing—review editing. Jack Cornell: Funding acquisition; project administration; letter South Dakota State University United Soybean Board.

Language: Английский

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Benefits of Phytoremediation when Repairing Salt‐affected Soils

ASSA, CSSA and SSSA, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 93 - 97

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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