Testing generic limits in Cercidoideae (Leguminosae): Insights from plastid and duplicated nuclear gene sequences

Taxon, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 67 - 86

Published: Feb. 1, 2020

Abstract Reconstructing the phylogenetic history of species in large taxonomic groups remains a challenge despite ever increasing access to molecular data. In subfamily Cercidoideae (Leguminosae), pantropical Bauhinia s.l. (~380 spp.) is never supported as monophyletic, but generic boundaries and number genera that should be recognised challenging question. Here we reconstruct phylogeny related using sequences obtained from five loci ( matK , trnL‐F Leafy two previously undetected duplicate copies Legcyc ), which analyse individually concatenated matrix (excluding ). The individual analyses generally support distinct lineages s.l.: (1) clade, containing s.str., Brenierea Piliostigma ; (2) Phanera Barklya Cheniella Gigasiphon Lasiobema Lysiphyllum Schnella Tylosema . Based on our analyses, recognise 14 Cercidoideae. We resurrect genus Tournaya synonymise Asian segregate back into s.str. Our reveal clear gene duplication event CYCLOIDEA shared by all excluding sister lineage subfamily, Cercis supporting recent hypotheses for whole genome except this genus.

Language: Английский

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An ecological perspective on water shedding from leaves

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(4), P. 1176 - 1189

Published: Oct. 28, 2021

Water shedding from leaves is a complex process depending on multiple leaf traits interacting with rain, wind, and air humidity, the entire plant surrounding vegetation. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of physics water implications for physiology ecology. We argue that drop retention angle more meaningful parameter to characterize water-shedding capacity than commonly measured static contact angle. The understanding mechanics largely derived laboratory experiments artificial rather natural surfaces, often individual aspects such as surface wettability or impacts. In contrast, field studies attempting identify adaptive value linked are correlative in nature, inconclusive results. make strong case taking hypothesis-driven experimental approach biomechanical into real-world setting gain comprehensive whole-plant ecological evolutionary context.

Language: Английский

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Population dynamics linked to glacial cycles in Cercis chuniana F. P. Metcalf (Fabaceae) endemic to the montane regions of subtropical China

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 2647 - 2663

Published: Sept. 18, 2021

Abstract The mountains of subtropical China are an excellent system for investigating the processes driving geographical distribution biodiversity and radiation plant populations in response to Pleistocene climate fluctuations. How major mountain ranges have affected evolution species evergreen broadleaved forest is issue with long‐term concern. Here, we focused on Cercis chuniana , a woody endemic southern China, elucidate its population dynamics. We used genotyping by sequencing (GBS) investigate spatial pattern genetic variation among 11 populations. Geographical isolation was detected between located adjacent ranges, thought function as barriers due their complex physiography. Bayesian time estimation revealed that divergence occurred middle Pleistocene, when Nanling Mts. separated from those east. orientation physiography appear contributed eastern western C . Complex plus stable ecological conditions across glacial cycles facilitated demographic expansion Mts., which contemporary migration began. thus considered suitable area preserving diversity large sizes compared other regions. As inferred niche modeling coalescent simulations, secondary contact during warm Lushan–Tali Interglacial period, intensified East Asia summer monsoon continuous habitat available occupation. Our data support strong influence both climatic history topographic characteristics high regional phytodiversity China.

Language: Английский

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Morphological Variation in North AmericanTiliaand Its Value in Species Delineation

International Journal of Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 181(2), P. 175 - 195

Published: Oct. 23, 2019

Premise of research. Tree species typically have high levels genetic and morphological variation that make the detection boundaries difficult. The genus Tilia in eastern North America Mexico is known for its uncertain boundaries. We summarized extent American assessed previously proposed two- four-species classifications.Methodology. Samples were collected from 566 individual trees, 12 characters measured or calculated. Descriptive statistics generated range-wide by morphospecies, geographic range, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) lineage. Correlations among variables with latitude longitude Principal coordinates analysis was performed to detect clusters their correspondence defined subgroups. In addition, degree within individuals assessed.Pivotal results. Morphology highly variable across range Tilia. Morphological do not delineate four morphospecies identified past workers, supporting lack Two cpDNA lineages, United States, also cannot be separated any character. Twig leaf trichome density are moderately negatively correlated latitude. There a smaller intraindividual than expected.Conclusions. data provide support existence two America. without distinct gaps supports recognition single species, americana s.l.

Language: Английский

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Genetic diversity in North American Cercis Canadensis reveals an ancient population bottleneck that originated after the last glacial maximum

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Nov. 8, 2021

Abstract Understanding of the present-day genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary history tree species can inform resource management conservation activities, including response to pressures presented by a changing climate. Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud) is an economically valuable understory native United States (U.S.) that also important for forest ecosystem wildlife health. Here, we document explain genetics this deciduous across its distributed range. In study, used twelve microsatellite markers investigate 691 wild-type trees sampled at 74 collection sites from 23 Eastern U.S. states. High diversity limited gene flow were revealed in wild, natural stands C. with populations are explained two major clusters. These findings indicate ancient bottleneck occurred coinciding last glacial maximum (LGM) North America. The structure current likely originated eastern survived LGM then later diverged into contemporary Data suggests have expanded since glaciation event one several post-glacial refugia now occupy species’ geographic Our enhanced understanding benchmarks variation preserved within direct future efforts conservation, utilization adaptively resilient present greatest structural diversity.

Language: Английский

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A unique record of Cercis from the late early Miocene of interior Asia and its significance for paleoenvironments and paleophytogeography

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 59(6), P. 1321 - 1338

Published: May 21, 2020

Abstract The climatic impacts of the Tibetan Plateau since Neogene and phytogeographic pattern changes formerly widely‐distributed forest communities on plateau remain poorly constrained. Today, Cercis L. (Fabaceae) is a well‐known arborescent genus typically distributed in subtropical to warm temperate zones Northern Hemisphere, Paleogene fossil occurrences from Eurasia North America show long history mid‐low latitudes Hemisphere. Here, we describe species, zekuensis sp. nov. based well‐preserved fruits early Miocene northeastern Plateau. Detailed morphological comparison (e.g., ventral margin with veinless wing) extant members other genera confirmed validity present taxonomic identity. Based relatives their climate preferences, this unexpected occurrence thermophilic indicates area had higher temperature precipitation than today. Integrated inferred (paleo‐)temperature lapse rates, low paleoelevation less 2.4 km. In contrast present‐day alpine here (~3.7 km), such elevation facilitated more favorable habitat comparatively high biodiversity forests at that time, as were evidenced by co‐occurring megafossils. Moreover, existence implies was widespread interior Asia during shows its modern disjunction or diversification between eastern central possibly shaped late Cenozoic regional tectonic uplift consequential environmental deterioration.

Language: Английский

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Emphasis on Quality in iNaturalist Plant Collections Enhances Learning and Research Utility

Journal of College Science Teaching, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(7), P. 70 - 75

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

AbstractFollowing the switch to remote online teaching in wake of COVID-19 pandemic, plant taxonomy course at University Georgia (UGA) switched iNaturalist for specimen collection portion requirements. Building off extant rubrics, instructors designed project guidelines a fully experience alleviate awareness disparity. Researchers collected stratified samples from UGA along with four other institutions' projects determine if rubrics and could improve quality observations make them useful science research. The specific rubric was shown observations. found that increased engagement as student-centered tool but did not enhance students' manual keying skills, app uses automatic identification. Instructors recommend continuing use supplement physical detailed collection. Additional informationNotes on contributorsMason C. McNairMason McNair ([email protected]) is postdoctoral fellow Department Plant Environmental Science Clemson Pee Dee Research Education Center Florence, South Carolina. Chelsea M. Sexton PhD candidate Athens, Georgia. Mark Zenoble an environmental specialist Division Industry Florida Agriculture Consumer Services Davie, Florida.Chelsea SextonMason Florida.Mark ZenobleMason Florida.

Language: Английский

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Biome evolution in subfamily Cercidoideae (Leguminosae): a tropical arborescent clade with a relictual depauperate temperate lineage

Revista Brasileira de Botânica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(1)

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Abstract Some plant lineages remain within the same biome over time (biome conservatism), whereas others seem to adapt more easily new biomes. The c. 398 species (14 genera) of subfamily Cercidoideae (Leguminosae or Fabaceae) are found in many biomes around world, particularly tropical regions South America, Asia and Africa, display a variety growth forms (small trees, shrubs, lianas herbaceous perennials). Species distribution maps derived from cleaned occurrence records were compiled compared with existing literature assign Rainforest (144 species), succulent (44 savanna (36 temperate (10 species) be important describing global Cercidoideae, occurring than one biome. Two phylogenetically isolated species-poor ( Cercis ) Adenolobus sister two broadly distributed species-rich clades. Ancestral state reconstructions on time-calibrated phylogeny suggest shifts occurred throughout evolutionary history subfamily, between rainforest biomes, savanna, biome, early shift into (or from) Of 26 inferred three closely associated ancestral tree/shrub form liana perennial habit. Only 13 transcontinental dispersal events shifts. Overall, we find that tend occur continent dispersals continents but nonetheless biome-conserved biogeographically structured have been able different environments through time.

Language: Английский

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Divergent strategies to reduce stomatal pore index during water deficit in perennial angiosperms

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 7, 2020

Summary ⍰ Modulation of stomatal development may be an acclimation response to low water availability. However, plasticity has been assessed in very few species. We quantified leaf anatomy traits, including index (SI), density (SD), size (SS), and pore (SPI), water-deficit stress river birch ( Betula nigra L.), eastern redbud Cercis canadensis silver maple Acer saccharinum L.). Birch redbud, but not maple, had reduced SPI deficit. The mechanism by which reduction occurred (via SD or SS) varied among species with severity stress. Despite anatomical changes were relatively small a minor no effect on the theoretical maximum conductance. Furthermore, gas-exchange rates equivalent well-watered plants following media re-irrigation. In some tree species, is downregulated deficit conditions. Stomatal facilitated smaller fewer stomata, depending upon intensity Water-deficit-induced species-specific, likely due adaptation ecological niches.

Language: Английский

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Emphasis on quality in iNaturalist plant collections enhances learning and research utility

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Abstract Following the switch to remote online teaching in wake of COVID-19 pandemic, plant taxonomy course at University Georgia (UGA) switched iNaturalist for specimen collection portion requirements. Building off extant rubrics, instructors designed project guidelines a fully experience alleviate awareness disparity. Researchers collected stratified samples from UGA along with four other institutions’ projects determine if rubrics and could improve quality observations make them useful science research. The specific rubric was shown observations. found that increased engagement as student-centered tool but did not enhance their manual keying skills app uses automatic identification. Instructors recommend continuing use supplement physical detailed collection.

Language: Английский

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