Digitized collections elucidate invasion history and patterns of awn polymorphism inMicrostegium vimineum

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 109(5), P. 689 - 705

Published: April 18, 2022

Abstract Premise Digitized collections can help illuminate the mechanisms behind establishment and spread of invasive plants. These databases provide a record traits in space time that allows for investigation abiotic biotic factors influence species. Methods Over 1100 digitized herbarium records were examined to investigate invasion history trait variation Microstegium vimineum . Presence–absence awns was investigated quantify geographic patterns this polymorphic trait, which serves several functions grasses, including diaspore burial dispersal germination sites. Floret further quantified, genomic analyses contemporary samples conducted M. 's introduction into North America. Results Herbarium revealed similar awn polymorphism native invaded ranges , with awned forms predominating at higher latitudes awnless lower latitudes. data suggested initial form southeastern United States, followed by putative secondary from eastern Pennsylvania. Awned have longer florets, floret size varies significantly latitude. There is evidence transition zone short‐awned specimens mid‐latitudes. Genomic two distinct clusters corresponding forms, admixture. Conclusions Our results demonstrate power elucidate problematic weed America and, together data, reveal possible key success: presence or absence an awn.

Language: Английский

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Botany is the root and the future of invasion biology

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 108(4), P. 549 - 552

Published: April 1, 2021

Although botanists have been at the center of invasion biology since its inception, few identify as biologists. Of those few, many primarily ally with associated disciplines such weed science and agronomy. The modern field biology—the study introduction, establishment, evolution, control non-native species—was formally established when zoologist Charles Elton proposed his biodiversity-invasibility hypothesis (Elton, 1958) has largely dominated by zoologists. However, plants proven to be tractable systems for both experimental observational studies played an outsized role in addressing long-standing hypotheses (Fig. 1). Here, we briefly review historic contemporary contributions that made argue will continue play a critical revolutionizing biology. work on plant invasions arguably began 17th century Linneaus protégé, Pehr Kalm, first noting naturalized European species North America. Early naturalists including Lyell, Alfred Russel Wallace, Darwin commonly observed (Simberloff, 2013); Darwin's naturalization hypothesis, one attempts understand process, use these observations. Twentieth like Baker George Ledyard Stebbins avoided terminology biology, but studied colonizations natural evolutionary experiments helped merge synthesis (Barrett, 2015). In 1980s 1990s, consequential roles understanding invasibility, inferring population dynamics underlying invasions, studying consequences across communities, food webs, ecosystems (Levine et al., 2003; Pyšek Richardson, 2007). Many leveraged tractability (i.e., immobility, flexible reproductive strategies, easy propagation within manipulative experiments)—traits make uniquely pragmatic models research today. Genetic analyses during 2000s overturned assumptions dynamics, revealing introductions are often repeated, admixture is frequent, selection common (Dlugosch Parker, 2008; Colautti Lau, Recently, advances genomics provided more nuanced process. Below, highlight four areas where suited recently biology: colonization admixture, hybridization, plasticity. Rather than simply determining whether stem from single or multiple events, recent genomic begun untangle complex spatial temporal context colonization. For example, Mimulus guttatus DC. United Kingdom was once assumed result introduction Alaskan population. reveal there were several genetically distinct native American populations time points (Vallejo-Marín 2021). Invasions may lead future events. Recent Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. documented "bridgehead" effects invasive area led into second region (van Boheemen 2017; Vallejo-Marín emerging consensus dynamic ongoing process can repeatedly replenish alter genetic diversity throughout invasion. Unlike early suggested depauperate, show equal greater levels within-population their range compared range. Increased introduced due among previously isolated Furthermore, suggest novel variants ecologically important (Keller Taylor, 2010). Hybrids between Phalaris arundinacea fitness (Lavergne Molofsky, 2007), driven local adaptation Spartina alterniflora Loisel. China (Qiao 2019). Native Plantago lanceolata subject ecological constraints do not affect admixed (Smith 2020). These preadapted environment evolve phenotypic novelty through admixture. Novel variation also interspecific hybridization polyploidy (Whitney 2009; te Beest 2012). instance, Sorghum halepense Pers. cultivated bicolor (L.) Moench resulted introgression loci traits rhizome growth seed size likely facilitated S. southeastern States (Paterson Polyploidy, presence two genome copies per cell, concomitant prevalent other taxa. Such duplication increase heterozygosity, facilitate selfing, plasticity, all which promote invasibility (te Scotland, polyploidization ranges separate continents generated individuals phenotypically divergent parent (Meeus Going forward, mechanistic details link gene dosage phenotype needed exactly how invasibility. Plant provide evidence importance plasticity mechanisms increased (Sultan 2013; Bock 2018). successful establishment Helianthus tuberosus riparian Europe clonality enhanced vegetative tuber formation, plastic response water availability evolved further (Bock epigenetic hints additional generating facilitating particularly asexual invaders Salvinia molesta Fallopia japonica (Mounger press [Preprint]). genome-wide surveys grown controlled greenhouse reciprocal transplant DNA methylation far higher (Richards 2012), potentially promoting success diverse habitats. epigenetics direction ripe unanswered questions. examples above demonstrate significant making well poised overcome some hurdles long encumbered field. A major challenge timing strengths different forces trajectory speed. Much difficulty this stems sampling limitations; inferences regarding extent bottlenecks, prevalence magnitude typically comparisons only period. processes spread requires repeated course Botanists advantages implementing approach. First, strong cooperation herbaria, abundant collections, robust digitization databasing efforts samples spanning access. Second, increasing community observations relative ease locating resampling specific allows quickly ascertain, revisit, collect forefront invasions. Combining herbarium collections techniques unparalleled assessment changes entire While used generate data any species, herbaria tend plentiful because conspicuous, abundant, collector. library design enable reduced-representation sequencing small quantities degraded preserved (e.g., Suchan 2016), evaluation tractable. limitations terms regional bias lack same locations, approach greatly expand our ability varied environments Efforts apply five focal currently being coordinated Consortium INvasion Genomics (CPING, www.invasiongenomics.com). Genomic nascent similar time-course sets while better allowing investigators design. identifying potential difficult require decades investment track sample fronts. disadvantages mitigated integrating botanical databases initiatives iNaturalist soon after new vanguard relatively researchers validate sessile unlikely become extirpated. Continuous tracking useful information about rate velocity spread. summary, always testing tools. Plants allow address questions By embracing leveraging knowledge, historical resources, technologies, revolutionize species. Funding NSF grant OIA-1920858 C.F.B., J.B.B., M.L., M.R.M., E.M.S., N.J.K. We thank anonymous reviewers Pamela Diggle comments improved article. Brittany L Sutherland: Writing – original draft (equal); & editing (equal). Craig F Barrett: James B Beck: Maribeth Latvis: Michael R McKain: Erin M Sigel: Nicholas J. Kooyers: All authors contributed drafting revision manuscript. Data Fig. 1 available Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.g1jwstqqg (Kooyers

Language: Английский

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A lack of population structure characterizes the invasive Lonicera japonica in West Virginia and across eastern North America1,2

The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 150(3)

Published: July 12, 2023

Invasive plant species cause massive ecosystem damage globally yet represent powerful case studies in population genetics and rapid adaptation to new habitats. The availability of digitized herbarium collections data, the ubiquity invasive across landscape make them highly accessible for invasion history dynamics associated with their introduction, establishment, spread, ecological interactions. Here we focus on Lonicera japonica, one most damaging vine North America. We leveraged data contemporary field reconstruct characterize patterns genomic variation eastern USA, using a straightforward method generating nucleotide polymorphism recently published, chromosome-level genome species. found an overall lack structure among sites northern West Virginia, as well central USA. Heterozygosity differentiation were both low based FST analysis molecular variance, principal components analysis, cluster-based analyses. also evidence high inbreeding coefficients significant linkage disequilibrium, line ability this otherwise outcrossing, perennial propagate vegetatively. Our findings corroborate earlier allozyme suggest that intentional, human-assisted spread explains structure, was planted erosion control ornamental, escaping cultivation repeatedly

Language: Английский

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Study of weeds and field plants of vegetable crops using the example of common potatoes

BIO Web of Conferences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 126, P. 01033 - 01033

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This paper presents the results of a study showing that in an area with moldboard tillage there are 16 species weeds belonging to following families: Roaceae B., Polygonaceae J, Chenopodiaceae V., Amaranthaceae J., etc. It has been established no-mouldboard soils grow 33 plant different families, such as Chenopodiaceaevent, Rubiaceae, was revealed dominant were: Amaranthus Retroflexus L., A. blitoides S. Watson, Conyza canadensis (L.) Crong and other harmful cosmopolitan perennials, as: Convōlvulus arvēnsis, Euphorbia waldstéinii, Cīrsium setōsum.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial genome sequencing and analysis of the invasiveMicrostegium vimineum: a resource for systematics, invasion history, and management

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Abstract Premise of the Research Plants remain underrepresented among species with sequenced mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), due to difficulty in assembly short-read technology. Invasive lag behind crops and other economically important this respect, representing a lack tools for management land conservation efforts. Methodology The mitogenome Microstegium vimineum , one most damaging invasive plant North America, was analyzed using long-read data, providing resource biologists managers. We conducted analyses genome content, phylogenomic grasses relatives based on coding regions, an analysis single nucleotide polymorphism grass species. Pivotal Results is 478,010 bp length characterized by two large, inverted repeats, direct repeat. However, could not be circularized, arguing against “master circle” structure. Long-read assemblies data subsets revealed several alternative genomic conformations, predominantly associated large repeats. Plastid-like sequences comprise 2.4% genome, further evidence Class I II transposable element-like sequences. Phylogenetic placed M. species, excluding nudum but weak support. Analysis polymorphic sites across 112 accessions from native ranges complex invasion history. Conclusions present in-depth structure, phylogenetic relationships, range-wide variation vimineum’s US range. typical andropogonoid grasses, yet sequence extensive. Our findings suggest multiple introductions over last century, subsequent spread, secondary contact, long-distance dispersal, possibly post-invasion selection awn phenotypes. Efforts produce resources including genomes, will continue provide their effective management, help predict prevent future invasions.

Language: Английский

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A lack of population structure characterizes the invasiveLonicera japonicain West Virginia and across eastern North America

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 2, 2023

ABSTRACT Invasive plant species cause massive ecosystem damage globally, yet represent powerful case studies in population genetics and rapid adaptation to new habitats. The availability of digitized herbarium collections data, the ubiquity invasive across landscape make them highly accessible for invasion history dynamics associated with their introduction, establishment, spread, ecological interactions. Here we focus on Lonicera japonica , one most damaging vine North America. We leveraged data contemporary field reconstruct characterize patterns genomic variation eastern USA, using a straightforward method generating nucleotide polymorphism recently published, chromosome-level genome species. found an overall lack structure among sites northern West Virginia, as well central USA. Heterozygosity differentiation were both low based Fst analysis molecular variance, principal components analysis, cluster-based analyses. also evidence high inbreeding coefficients significant linkage disequilibrium, line ability this otherwise outcrossing, perennial propagate vegetatively. Our findings corroborate earlier allozyme suggest that intentional, human-assisted spread explains structure, was planted erosion control ornamental, escaping cultivation repeatedly Finally, discuss how genomics can be incorporated into experiential undergraduate education way integrate teaching research.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing and Analysis of the Invasive Microstegium vimineum: A Resource for Systematics, Invasion History, and Management

International Journal of Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 184(7), P. 525 - 540

Published: May 17, 2023

Premise of research. Plants remain underrepresented among species with sequenced mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) because the difficulty in assembly short-read technology. Invasive lag behind crops and other economically important this respect, resulting a lack tools for management land conservation efforts.Methodology. The mitogenome Microstegium vimineum, one most damaging invasive plant North America, was analyzed using long-read data, providing resource biologists managers. We conducted analyses genome content, phylogenomic grasses relatives based on coding regions, an analysis single-nucleotide polymorphism grass species.Pivotal results. is 478,010 bp length characterized by two large inverted repeats direct repeat. However, could not be circularized, arguing against “master circle” structure. Long-read assemblies data subsets revealed several alternative genomic conformations, predominantly associated repeats. Plastid-like sequences comprise 2.4% genome, further evidence class I II transposable element-like sequences. Phylogenetic placed M. vimineum species, excluding Leptathera (Microstegium) nudum, but weak support. Analysis polymorphic sites across 112 accessions from native ranges complex invasion history.Conclusions. present in-depth structure, phylogenetic relationships, range-wide variation vimineum’s US range. typical andropogonoid grasses, yet sequence extensive. Our findings suggest multiple introductions to over last century, subsequent spread, secondary contact, long-distance dispersal, possible postinvasion selection awn phenotypes. Efforts produce resources including genomes, will continue provide their effective help predict prevent future invasions.

Language: Английский

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