Impact of Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists on Pathophysiology of Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 65 - 65

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in pediatric patients is a common cause of isolated thrombocytopenia. Various pathophysiological mechanisms are implicated ITP pathogenesis, including the production autoantibodies against components platelets (PLTs) by B-cells, activation complement system, phagocytosis macrophages mediated Fcγ receptors, dysregulation T cells, and reduced bone marrow megakaryopoiesis. commonly manifested with skin mucosal bleeding, it diagnosis exclusion. In some cases, disease self-limiting, treatment not required, but chronic-persistent can also be developed. these anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists, used. TPO agonists have become standard care today. It has been reported published literature that efficacy TPO-RAs up to 80% achievement several end goals, PLT counts. current review, data regarding impact pathogenesis outcomes examined. era precision medicine, targeted individualized therapies crucial achieving better for ITP, especially when chronic refractory

Language: Английский

Targeted immunotherapies for Graves’ thyroidal & orbital diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 12, 2025

Background Graves’ hyperthyroidism and its associated orbitopathy are common autoimmune disorders with significant adverse health impact. Current standard treatments have limitations regarding efficacy safety, most do not specifically target the pathogenic mechanisms. We aim to review latest development of targeted immunotherapies in these two closely related disorders. Summary Targeted recently demonstrated clinical early phase studies. They include rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody which causes rapid B cell depletion; ATX-GD-59, antigen specific immunotherapy restores immune tolerance thyrotropin receptor; iscalimab, anti-CD40 blocks CD40-CD154 co-stimulatory pathway B-T interaction; K1-70, a receptor blocking antibody. Furthermore, there been major therapeutic advances management orbitopathy. Mycophenolate has dual mechanism action both inhibiting proliferation activated & T cells as well mammalian rapamycin growth intracellular pathway. Rituximab appears be effective active disease recent onset without impending dysthyroid optic neuropathy. Both tocilizumab (anti-interleukin 6 antibody) sirolimus (mammalian inhibitor) showed promise glucocorticoid resistant disease. Teprotumumab, anti-insulin-like factor-1 antibody, remarkable all-round across wide spectrum. Linsitinib, small molecule inhibitor insulin-like insulin receptor, displayed proptosis reduction 2b/3 study. Finally, Batoclimab, anti-neonatal fragment crystallizable recycling promising signals for reduction, inactivation, overall response, improvement quality life. Conclusion Therapeutic will continue optimize our safe manner.

Language: Английский

The contemporary management of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn

Vox Sanguinis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 22, 2025

Abstract Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) remains an important cause perinatal mortality morbidity. The pathogenesis underlying this condition is maternal red cell alloimmunization, with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies produced in response to ‘non‐self’, inherited paternal antigens expressed upon fetal erythrocytes. IgG cross placenta into circulation causing destruction anaemia. Intrauterine transfusion (IUT) cornerstone therapy survival rates up 97%, but it invasive, technically challenging surgical procedure performed at specialized medical centres. procedure‐related risk IUTs increased gestational age before 24 weeks. This has stimulated interest therapies that attenuate severe anaemia, increase first IUTs, reduce review summarizes current evidence for such treatments: intravenous neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor blockade managing HDFN.

Language: Английский