Physico-Chemical Analysis of African Hazelnut Shells &#8220;<i>Coula edulis</i><i>&#8221;</i> from Cameroon

Materials Sciences and Applications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(04), P. 172 - 199

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Chimpanzee drumming shows rhythmicity and subspecies variation

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Rhythmic percussion is present across human cultures and has been proposed as one of the earliest evolved forms musical expression.1 Key features rhythmic include individual regional variation, well structural widespread cultures, such use non-random timing isochrony (i.e., evenly spaced note onsets).2,3,4,5 Comparative studies drumming in our ape relatives contribute to understanding evolutionary origins percussion. In this context, large, diverse datasets allow testing for species-level universals variation. Chimpanzees bonobos, like humans, drum on instrumental substrates.2,6,7,8,9 Wild chimpanzees resonant tree buttresses, showing variation during traveling resting contexts, often integrate into their long-distance pant-hoot vocalizations.6,7,8 But whether wild chimpanzee shows rhythm or its integration within pant-hoots remains unknown. We show that with isochrony, providing evidence substrates may have last common ancestor.2 Furthermore, we found subspecies-level western isochronously, while eastern by alternating shorter longer inter-hit intervals. Western also produce more hits, at a faster tempo, earlier vocalization, typically build-up phase. Chimpanzee buttress both musicality stable subspecies differences ecologies.

Language: Английский

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Self-directed and prosocial wound care, snare removal, and hygiene behaviors amongst the Budongo chimpanzees

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 14, 2025

Understanding the cognitive and social foundations of healthcare behaviors in humans requires examining their evolutionary precursors our closest living relatives. Investigating self-directed other-directed chimpanzees provides crucial insights into origins medicinal knowledge, identification specific resources used for health maintenance, emergence prosocial capacities. Here we document analyze both previously reported newly observed instances wound care, snare removal, putatively hygiene Sonso Waibira chimpanzee communities Budongo Forest Uganda. Reports these come from archival records collected over thirty years observation at Conservation Field Station (BCFS), videos recorded by researchers site, all-occurrence behavioral data two 4-month periods direct observation. We describe care such as licking, leaf-dabbing, pressing fingers to wounds, application chewed plant material well a successful removal. also including postcoital genital leaf wiping post-defecation wiping. For first time Budongo, report presence adding similar observations documented other field sites. present cases individuals finger pressing, applying wounds others. establish behaviors, specifically Lastly, an additional unpublished case The prosocial-care between kin non-kin adds another site growing list locations where have been documented, suggesting is more widespread across populations than recognized.

Language: Английский

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Chimpanzees employ context-specific behavioral strategies within fission–fusion societies

Primates, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65(6), P. 541 - 555

Published: Oct. 19, 2024

Abstract Fission–fusion social systems allow individuals to make flexible choices about where, with whom, and in what contexts spend their time response competing ecological pressures. The ability for fission–fusion societies support individual behavioral strategies that vary across has been suggested, but the potential function of such context-specific remains largely understudied. We adopted concept niche construction explore possible differences complexity at group level feeding contexts. Specifically, we examined patterns co-attendance two common wild Central African chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) Goualougo Triangle, Republic Congo. From data compiled over 6 years, used multidimensional network analysis study generated from 436 scans Ficus 4527 visits termite mounds. These were chosen, because they are both fixed spatial features landscape serve as well-defined points compare association patterns. identified a chimpanzee society produce different relationships consistent expression many offer functional benefits. While enhancing our understanding strategies, culture, conservation, investigation also indicates framework aids elucidating evolutionary advantages sociality by accounting intra- interindividual variability, cognition, choice newfound ways.

Language: Английский

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Group-level signatures in bonobo sociality

Evolutionary Human Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Humans show remarkable differences in social behaviour between families, groups, communities and cultures, whereas such group-level within-species variation socio-behavioural propensities is typically overlooked other species. Studies on intraspecific animal structures are needed to inform an evolutionary account of human sociality. Here, we study multiple independent bonobo populations (

Language: Английский

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