Photonics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(12), P. 1334 - 1334
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
Delirium
persists
as
the
most
common
neuropsychiatric
syndrome
among
medically
ill
hospitalized
patients,
yet
its
neural
mechanisms
remain
poorly
understood.
The
development
of
neuroimaging
biomarkers
has
been
difficult
primarily
due
to
complexities
imaging
patients
experiencing
delirium.
Optical
techniques,
including
near-infrared
spectroscopy
(NIRS)
and
diffuse
optical
tomography
(DOT),
offer
promising
avenues
for
investigating
delirium’s
pathophysiology.
These
modalities
uniquely
stand
out
delirium
exploration
their
blend
spatiotemporal
resolution,
bedside
applicability,
cost-effectiveness,
potential
real-time
monitoring.
In
this
review,
we
examine
emergence
pioneering
utility
in
research.
With
further
investment
research
efforts,
they
will
become
instrumental
our
understanding
pathophysiology
preventive,
predictive,
therapeutic
strategies.
Seminars in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
44(06), P. 720 - 731
Published: Oct. 17, 2024
Delirium
is
a
major
disturbance
in
the
mental
state
characterized
by
fluctuations
arousal,
deficits
attention,
distorted
perception,
and
disruptions
memory
cognitive
processing.
affects
approximately
18%
to
25%
of
hospital
inpatients,
with
even
higher
rates
observed
during
critical
illness.
To
develop
therapies
shorten
duration
limit
adverse
effects
delirium,
it
important
understand
mechanisms
underlying
its
presentation.
Neuroimaging
modalities
such
as
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI),
positron
emission
tomography,
functional
MRI,
near-infrared
spectroscopy
point
global
atrophy,
white
matter
changes,
cerebral
blood
flow,
oxygenation,
metabolism,
connectivity
key
correlates
delirium
pathogenesis.
Electroencephalography
demonstrates
generalized
slowing
normal
background
activity,
pathologic
decreases
variability
oscillatory
patterns
among
specific
brain
regions.
Elevated
serum
biomarkers
inflammation,
including
interleukin-6,
C-reactive
protein,
S100B,
suggest
role
dysregulated
inflammatory
processes
cellular
particularly
perioperative
sepsis-related
delirium.
Emerging
animal
models
that
can
mimic
delirium-like
clinical
states
will
reveal
further
insights
into
pathophysiology.
The
combination
basic
science
methods
exploring
shows
great
promise
elucidating
revealing
potential
therapeutic
targets.
Chemosensors,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(12), P. 264 - 264
Published: Dec. 15, 2024
Sepsis
is
a
life-threatening
syndrome
consisting
of
physiological,
pathological,
and
biochemical
abnormalities
induced
by
infection
which
continues
to
be
major
public
health
burden.
It
remains
one
the
most
common
reasons
for
intensive
care
unit
(ICU)
admission.
Delirium
precipitated
sepsis
in
setting
its
neuropsychiatric
complications
that
leads
prolonged
hospitalization,
increased
mortality,
an
risk
incident
dementia.
Understanding
pathophysiology
neurobiological
mechanisms
sepsis-associated
delirium
difficult;
neuroimaging
biomarkers
are
lacking
due
difficulties
with
imaging
critically
ill
patients.
Optical
techniques,
including
near-infrared
spectroscopy
diffuse
optical
tomography
potentially
promising
approaches
investigating
this
their
portability
high
spatiotemporal
resolution.
In
review,
we
examine
emergence
techniques
study
ICU
how
they
can
further
advance
our
knowledge
lead
development
improved
preventative,
predictive,
therapeutic
strategies.
Photonics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(12), P. 1334 - 1334
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
Delirium
persists
as
the
most
common
neuropsychiatric
syndrome
among
medically
ill
hospitalized
patients,
yet
its
neural
mechanisms
remain
poorly
understood.
The
development
of
neuroimaging
biomarkers
has
been
difficult
primarily
due
to
complexities
imaging
patients
experiencing
delirium.
Optical
techniques,
including
near-infrared
spectroscopy
(NIRS)
and
diffuse
optical
tomography
(DOT),
offer
promising
avenues
for
investigating
delirium’s
pathophysiology.
These
modalities
uniquely
stand
out
delirium
exploration
their
blend
spatiotemporal
resolution,
bedside
applicability,
cost-effectiveness,
potential
real-time
monitoring.
In
this
review,
we
examine
emergence
pioneering
utility
in
research.
With
further
investment
research
efforts,
they
will
become
instrumental
our
understanding
pathophysiology
preventive,
predictive,
therapeutic
strategies.
