Should artificial intelligence be used in conjunction with Neuroimaging in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease?

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 18, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, behavior, and other cognitive functions. Although there no cure, detecting AD early important for the development of therapeutic plan care may preserve function prevent irreversible damage. Neuroimaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission (PET), has served critical tool in establishing diagnostic indicators during preclinical stage. However, neuroimaging technology quickly advances, challenge analyzing interpreting vast amounts brain data. Given these limitations, great interest using artificial Intelligence (AI) to assist this process. AI introduces limitless possibilities future diagnosis AD, yet still resistance from healthcare community incorporate clinical setting. The goal review answer question whether should be used conjunction with AD. To question, possible benefits disadvantages are discussed. main advantages its potential improve accuracy, efficiency radiographic data, reduce physician burnout, advance precision medicine. include generalization data shortage, lack vivo gold standard, skepticism medical community, bias, concerns over patient information, privacy, safety. challenges present fundamental must addressed when time comes, it would unethical not use if can health outcome.

Language: Английский

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Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s and related dementias: A review and outlook for clinical neuropsychology

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 313 - 324

Published: March 22, 2024

Recent technological advances have improved the sensitivity and specificity of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease related dementias. Accurate quantification amyloid-ß peptide, phosphorylated tau (pTau) isoforms, as well markers neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain [NfL]) neuro-immune activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] chitinase-3-like 1 [YKL-40]) in blood has allowed researchers to characterize neurobiological processes at scale a cost-effective minimally invasive manner. Although currently used primarily research purposes, these potential be highly impactful clinical setting - aiding diagnosis, predicting risk, monitoring progression. Whereas plasma NfL shown promise non-specific marker neuronal injury, pTau181, pTau217, pTau231, GFAP demonstrated desirable levels identification individuals with pathology dementia. In this forward looking review, we (i) provide an overview most commonly dementias, (ii) discuss how comorbid medical conditions, demographic, genetic factors can inform interpretation biomarkers, (iii) describe ongoing efforts move into clinic, (iv) highlight central role that neuropsychologists may play contextualizing communicating biomarker results patients.

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiology characterization of Alzheimer’s disease in South China’s aging population: for the Greater-Bay-Area Healthy Aging Brain Study (GHABS)

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 16, 2024

Abstract Introduction The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater-Bay-Area of South China has an 86 million population and faces a significant challenge Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the characteristics prevalence AD in this area are still unclear due to rarely available community-based neuroimaging cohort. Methods Following standard protocols Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Healthy Aging Brain Study (GHABS) was initiated 2021. GHABS participants completed clinical assessments, plasma biomarkers, genotyping, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), β-amyloid (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, tau PET imaging. cohort focuses on pathophysiology characterization early detection Greater Bay Area. In study, we analyzed Aβ 42 /Aβ 40 (A), p-Tau 181 (T), neurofilament light, GFAP by Simoa 470 Chinese older adults, 301, 195, 70 had MRI, PET, respectively. Plasma hippocampal volume, temporal-metaROI cortical thickness were compared between normal control (NC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild impairment (MCI), dementia groups, controlling for age, sex, APOE-ε4 . A/T profiles positivity also determined different diagnostic groups. Results aims, study design, data collection, potential applications summarized. SCD individuals significantly higher than NC individuals. MCI patients showed more abnormal changes all biomarkers frequencies A+/T+ (NC; 5.9%, SCD: 8.2%, MCI: 25.3%, dementia: 64.9%) (NC: 25.6%, 22.5%, 47.7%, 89.3%) reported. Discussion may provide helpful guidance toward designing community cohorts China. This first time, reported atrophy, AD-signature thinning, as well Area These findings novel insights into understanding pathological China’s population.

Language: Английский

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Development and Validation of a Tool to Predict Onset of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Dementia

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. e2453756 - e2453756

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Importance The ability to predict the onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer dementia (AD) could allow older adults clinicians make informed decisions about care. Objective To assess whether age at MCI AD can be predicted using a statistical modeling approach. Design, Setting, Participants This prognostic study used data from 2 aging cohort studies—the Australian Imaging, Biomarker Lifestyle (AIBL) Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)—for model development validation Florey Dementia Index (FDI), tool in adults. Data Anti-Amyloid Treatment Asymptomatic (A4) were for simulated trial. collected 1665 AIBL participants, 2029 ADNI 93 A4 participants October 1, 2004, March 2023. analysis was conducted between January August 2024. Main Outcomes Measures Predicted compared with clinically observed onset. Results Among (741 [44.5%] female) (925 [45.6%] female), mean (SD) first evaluation 71.8 (7.1) years 74.5 (6.7) years, respectively. FDI achieved absolute errors 2.78 (95% CI, 2.63-2.93) predicting 1.48 1.32-1.65) In trial (48 [51.6%] female; [SD] baseline, 73.4 [5.1] years), 1.57 1.41-1.71) 0.70 0.53-0.88) Conclusions Relevance this study, developed validated AD. may useful organizing health care decline or future help prioritize patients use disease-modifying monoclonal antibody drugs.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness of different recruitment strategies for the FINGER‐NL multidomain lifestyle intervention trial via the Dutch Brain Research Registry

Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract INTRODUCTION Recruitment of participants for intervention studies is challenging. We evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency a participant recruitment campaign through an online registry FINGER‐NL study, multi‐domain lifestyle trial targeting cognitively healthy individuals aged 60–79 with dementia prevention potential. Additionally, we explored which strategy successfully reached from underrepresented groups in research. METHODS The entailed seven strategies referring to Dutch Brain Research Registry (DBRR): (1) Facebook advertisements, (2) appearance on national television, (3) newspaper articles, (4) researcher outreach, (5) patient organizations, (6) search engines, (7) other. For each strategy, describe number (a) registered, (b) potentially eligible, (c) included FINGER‐NL. Subsequently, efficiency, defined by eligibility ratio (eligible/registered), effectiveness, inclusion (included/registered) were calculated. Associations between sociodemographic factors tested binomial logistic regressions. RESULTS resulted 13,795 new DBRR registrants, n = 3475 eligible (eligibility 0.25) 1008 (inclusion 0.07). advertisements television highest numbers registrants ( 4678 2182) translated inclusions 288 262). 0.35), articles (0.26), campaigns (0.26) most efficient strategies. 0.13) was effective strategy. performed relatively better recruiting groups. DISCUSSION A multipronged via prescreening adequate years potential multi‐site within limited time frame 15 months. Social media are preferred recruit Highlights An brain research recruited successfully. Mass reaching large numbers. Direct researchers organizations seems more effective. Online registries offer automated alternatives screen‐failures. Tailored needed reach improve diversity.

Language: Английский

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Detecting early cognitive deficits in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease using a remote digital multi-day learning paradigm

npj Digital Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Remote, digital cognitive testing on an individual's own device provides the opportunity to deploy previously understudied but promising paradigms in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Boston Remote Assessment for NeuroCognitive Health (BRANCH) captures a personalized learning curve same information presented over seven consecutive days. Here, we examined BRANCH multi-day curves (MDLCs) 167 cognitively unimpaired older adults (age = 74.3 ± 7.5, 63% female) with different amyloid-β (A) and tau (T) biomarker profiles positron emission tomography. MDLC scores decreased across ascending groups, A + T- group performing numerically worse (β –0.24, 95%CI[–0.55,0.07], p 0.128) T+ significantly –0.58, 95%CI[–1.06,–0.10], 0.018) than A-T- group. Further, lower were associated greater cortical thinning 0.18, 95%CI[0.04,0.34], 0.013). Our results suggest that diminished MDLCs track advanced AD pathophysiology, demonstrate how paradigm can provide novel insights about decline during AD.

Language: Английский

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The AROMHA brain health test is a remote olfactory assessment to screen for cognitive impairment

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 24, 2025

Cost-effective, noninvasive screening methods for preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurocognitive disorders remain an unmet need. The olfactory neural circuits develop AD pathological changes prior to symptom onset. To probe these vulnerable circuits, we developed the digital remote AROMHA Brain Health Test (ABHT), at-home odor identification, discrimination, memory, intensity assessment. ABHT was self-administered among cognitively normal (CN) English Spanish speakers (n = 127), participants with subjective cognitive complaints (SCC; n 34), mild impairment (MCI; 19). Self-administered tests took place remotely at home under unobserved (among interested CN participants) observed modalities (CN, SCC, MCI), as well in-person a research assistant present MCI). Olfactory performance similar across self-administration between speakers. Odor discrimination scores decreased age, identification were lower in MCI group compared SCC groups, independent of sex, education. revealed age-related decline, discriminated older adults from those impairment. Replication our results populations would support use identify monitor individuals risk developing dementia.

Language: Английский

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Brain health registry updates: An online longitudinal neuroscience platform

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. 4935 - 4951

Published: March 25, 2023

Remote, internet-based methods for recruitment, screening, and longitudinally assessing older adults have the potential to facilitate Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials observational studies.

Language: Английский

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A data-driven study of Alzheimer's disease related amyloid and tau pathology progression

Brain, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 146(12), P. 4935 - 4948

Published: July 11, 2023

Abstract Amyloid-β is thought to facilitate the spread of tau throughout neocortex in Alzheimer's disease, though how this occurs not well understood. This because spatial discordance between amyloid-β, which accumulates neocortex, and tau, medial temporal lobe during ageing. There evidence that some cases amyloid-β-independent spreads beyond where it may interact with neocortical amyloid-β. suggests there be multiple distinct spatiotemporal subtypes Alzheimer's-related protein aggregation, potentially different demographic genetic risk profiles. We investigated hypothesis, applying data-driven disease progression subtyping models post-mortem neuropathology vivo PET-based measures from two large observational studies: Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Religious Orders Study Rush Memory Aging Project (ROSMAP). consistently identified ‘amyloid-first’ ‘tau-first’ using cross-sectional information both studies. In amyloid-first subtype, extensive amyloid-β precedes lobe, while tau-first mild areas prior interacting As expected, we found a higher prevalence subtype among apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele carriers was more common APOE non-carriers. Within carriers, an increased rate accumulation (via longitudinal amyloid PET), suggesting rare group belong within continuum. also had several fewer years education than other groups, role for modifiable factors facilitating tau. Tau-first non-carriers, contrast, recapitulated many features primary age-related tauopathy. The (both measured via PET) did differ normal ageing, supporting distinction tauopathy disease. reduced consistency additional heterogeneity group. Our findings support idea begin as independent processes spatially disconnected regions, widespread resulting local interaction site subtype-dependent: amyloid-first, tau-first. These insights into dynamics inform research clinical trials target these pathologies.

Language: Английский

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The development and validation of a digital biomarker for remote assessment of Alzheimer's diseases risk

Digital Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Background Digital cognitive assessment is becoming increasingly widespread in ageing research and care, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Remote online collection provides opportunities for dementia professionals to collect larger datasets, increase diversity of participants patients offer cost-effective screening monitoring methods clinical practice trials. However, reliability self-administered at-home tests compared their lab-based counterparts often goes unexamined, compromising validity adopting such measures. Objective Our aim validate a web-based version visual short-term memory binding task (VSTMBT), potential digital biomarker sensitive Alzheimer's disease processes, suitable use on personal devices. Methods A final cross-sectional sample 37 older-adult (51–77 years) without completed our novel VSTMBT, both at home device lab, under researcher-controlled conditions. Results ANOVA Bayesian t-test found no significant differences between when it was remotely by taken controlled lab Conclusions These results indicate VSTMBT can provide reliable data using an device. This finding has important implications remote practices older adults, as well supporting serving diverse patient communities. Future work will assess administration adults with impairment socio-economic ethno-cultural backgrounds bench-to-bedside application.

Language: Английский

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