Resilience to AD pathology in Top Cognitive Performers

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: July 11, 2024

Successful cognitive aging is often thought to result from resistance the accumulation of pathology, resilience effects pathological accumulation, or some combination two. While evidence for has been found in typical populations, oldest-old provide us with a unique window into role impacting cognition. Here, we aimed assess group differences measures amyloid and tau across older age groups using data Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI age: 60–89) The 90 + Study (age: 90–101). Additionally, ADNI dataset, performed exploratory analyses regional cingulate AV-45 SUVRs if load particular areas was associated Top Cognitive Performance (TCP). Consistent literature, results showed no both regionally whole cortex. For AV-1451, also observed Braak composite SUVRs. Interestingly, these relationships persisted oldest-old. This indicates that throughout does not reflect burden, but other mechanisms may be protection against related neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

---

Generalized encoding of the relative subjective value of cognitive effort in dorsal ACC

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e0367242024 - e0367242024

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Making choices about whether and when to engage cognitive effort are a common feature of everyday experience, with important consequences for academic, career, health outcomes. Yet, despite their hypothesized importance, very little is understood the underlying mechanisms that support this form human cost-benefit decision-making. To investigate these mechanisms, we used Cognitive Effort Discounting Paradigm (Cog-ED) during fMRI scanning precisely quantify neural encoding varying demands relative reward outcomes, within two distinct domains (working memory, speech comprehension). The findings provide strong evidence dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays central selective role in decision-making process. Trial-by-trial modulations dACC activation tracked subjective value low-effort, low-reward option, strongest activity occurring was greater than high-effort, high-reward option. In contrast, not modulated by decision difficulty, though such effects were found other frontoparietal regions. Critically, also strongly correlated across task further predicted subsequent choice behavior both. Together, results suggest modulation reflects domain-general valuation comparison mechanism, which acts bias participants away from decisions effort, perceived costs engagement outweigh reward-related benefits. These complement work cost species pointing clear representing differences between options

Language: Английский

---

Theoretical Approaches to Communicative Practices in the Study of Intergenerational Communication and Aging

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 10, 2024

Intergenerational communication and aging is a thriving interdisciplinary, methodologically diverse field having significant implications for understanding the process. This opening article to special issue provides brief overview of this research domain, with particular attention theoretical practices within it. Communication accommodation theory (CAT) introduced given it has provided foundation other well-cited models aging. In so doing, couple CAT principles are elaborated, based on recent work age meta-stereotyping intergroup felt understanding. also component influential "communication ecology model successful aging" and, after exploring some its tenets, visually schematic representation elaborated as well connections speculated regarding relationship communicative lives SuperAgers. Thereafter, highlights emerging from articles in that follow drawn out.

Language: Английский

---

Hearing Function Moderates Age‐Related Differences in Brain Morphometry in the HCP Aging Cohort

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(16)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT There are well‐established relationships between aging and neurodegenerative changes, hearing loss. The goal of this study was to determine how structural brain is influenced by Human Connectome Project Aging data were analyzed, including T1‐weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Words in noise (WIN) thresholds ( n = 623). Freesurfer extracted gray white matter volume, cortical thickness, area, curvature. Linear regression models targeted (1) interactions age WIN threshold (2) correlations with adjusted for age, both corrected false discovery rate (p FDR < 0.05). moderated age‐related increase volume bilateral inferior lateral ventricles, a higher associated increased ventricle expansion. Age‐related differences the occipital cortex also thresholds. When controlling high correlated reduced thickness Heschl's gyrus, calcarine sulcus, other sensory regions, temporal lobe matter. Older volunteers poorer cognitive scores had lowest left parahippocampal These results suggest that better medial lobe, while at any greater tissue auditory regions. Future longitudinal studies needed assess causal nature these relationships, but indicate interventions preserve or protect function may combat some changes aging.

Language: Английский

---

Are superagers super rare?

International Psychogeriatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(10), P. 853 - 856

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above information on how to content.

Language: Английский

---

(Super)Aging and memory

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Generalized encoding of the relative subjective value of cognitive effort in dorsal ACC

Published: Feb. 25, 2024

Making choices about whether and when to engage cognitive effort are a common feature of everyday experience, with important consequences for academic, career, health outcomes. Yet, despite their hypothesized importance, very little is understood the underlying mechanisms that support this form human cost-benefit decision-making. To investigate these mechanisms, we used Cognitive Effort Discounting Paradigm (Cog-ED) during fMRI scanning precisely quantify neural encoding varying demands relative reward outcomes, within two distinct domains (working memory, speech comprehension). The findings provide strong evidence dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays central selective role in decision-making process. Trial-by-trial modulations dACC activation tracked subjective value low-effort, low-reward option, strongest activity occurring was greater than high-effort, high-reward option. In contrast, not modulated by decision difficulty, though such effects were found other frontoparietal regions. Critically, also strongly correlated across task domains, further predicted subsequent choice behavior both. Together, results suggest modulation reflects domain-general valuation comparison mechanism, which acts bias participants away from decisions effort, perceived costs engagement outweigh reward-related benefits. These complement work cost species pointing clear representing differences between options

Language: Английский

---

Increased Cortical Thickness Seen in Brain Areas Linked to Preserved Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease

Neurology Today, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 4 - 5

Published: April 18, 2024

Language: Английский

---

SuperAging functional connectomics from resting-state functional MRI

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(4)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Understanding the relationship between functional connectivity (FC) of higher-order neurocognitive networks and age-related cognitive decline is a complex evolving field research. Decreases in FC have been associated with persons Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (ADRD). However, contributions less straightforward typical aging. Some investigations suggest relatively robust within differentiates unusually successful aging from average aging, while others do not. Methodologic limitations data processing varying definitions ‘successful aging’ may contributed to inconsistent results date. The current study seeks address previous by optimized MRI methods examine well-established SuperAging phenotype, defined age performance as individuals 80 older episodic memory equal or better than 50-to-60-year-olds. Within- between-network large-scale were compared 24 SuperAgers 16 cognitively older-aged control (OACs) stable profiles using resting-state (rs-fMRI) single visit. Group classification was determined based on measures memory, executive functioning, verbal fluency picture naming. Inclusion criteria required status across two visits. First, we investigated seven common atlas parcellation. A separate index network segregation also groups. Second, six subcomponents default mode (DMN), commonly disrupted ADRD. For each analysis, FCs groups two-sample independent t-tests corrected for multiple comparisons. There no significant between-group differences demographic characteristics including age, sex education. At group-level, within-network FC, measurements networks, DMN, not primary differentiator phenotypes. Thus, does appear be driver exceptional observed SuperAgers. These relevance differentiating role changes those

Language: Английский

---

LMP-TX: An AI-driven Integrated Longitudinal Multi-modal Platform for Early Prognosis of Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

Abstract Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the 7th leading cause of death worldwide. 95% AD cases are late-onset disease (LOAD), which often takes decades to evolve and become symptomatic. Early prognosis LOAD critical for timely intervention before irreversible brain damage. This study proposes an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven longitudinal multi-modal platform with time-series transformer (LMP-TX) early LOAD. It has two versions: LMP-TX utilizes full data provide more accurate prediction, while a lightweight version, LMP-TX-CL, only uses simple cognitive-linguistic (CL) data. Results on accuracy based AUC scores subjects progressing from normal control (NC) mild cognitive impairment ( e MCI) MCI late l respectively 89% maximum (predicted by LMP-TX) 81% LMP-TX-CL). Moreover, results top biomarkers predicting different states onsets have revealed key (including CL-based) indicative early-stage progressions. Future work will develop fine-grained progression identify CL-based predictive fast rates at stages.

Language: Английский

---