Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Dec. 5, 2024
Previous
research
has
tended
to
focus
on
early-life
education
for
dementia
risk
reduction,
yet
there
are
great
gains
building
cognitive
reserve
in
mid-
later-life
through
educational
interventions.
ISLAND
(Island
Study
Linking
Ageing
and
Neurodegenerative
Disease)
Campus
offered
free
university
study
all
participants,
with
flexible
in-person/online
learning
models
remove
educational,
socioeconomic
geographical
barriers.
Here
the
core
hypothesis
of
was
investigated:
that
engagement
later
life
leads
improvements
modifiable
factors
dementia,
cognition
blood-based
biomarkers.
Nature Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
30(12), P. 3646 - 3657
Published: Aug. 26, 2024
Abstract
Brain
clocks,
which
quantify
discrepancies
between
brain
age
and
chronological
age,
hold
promise
for
understanding
health
disease.
However,
the
impact
of
diversity
(including
geographical,
socioeconomic,
sociodemographic,
sex
neurodegeneration)
on
brain-age
gap
is
unknown.
We
analyzed
datasets
from
5,306
participants
across
15
countries
(7
Latin
American
Caribbean
(LAC)
8
non-LAC
countries).
Based
higher-order
interactions,
we
developed
a
deep
learning
architecture
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(2,953)
electroencephalography
(2,353).
The
comprised
healthy
controls
individuals
with
mild
cognitive
impairment,
Alzheimer
disease
behavioral
variant
frontotemporal
dementia.
LAC
models
evidenced
older
ages
(functional
imaging:
mean
directional
error
=
5.60,
root
square
(r.m.s.e.)
11.91;
electroencephalography:
5.34,
r.m.s.e.
9.82)
associated
frontoposterior
networks
compared
models.
Structural
socioeconomic
inequality,
pollution
disparities
were
influential
predictors
increased
gaps,
especially
in
(
R
²
0.37,
F
0.59,
6.9).
An
ascending
to
impairment
was
found.
In
LAC,
observed
larger
gaps
females
control
groups
respective
males.
results
not
explained
by
variations
signal
quality,
demographics
or
acquisition
methods.
These
findings
provide
quantitative
framework
capturing
accelerated
aging.
Alzheimer s & Dementia,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(9), P. 5912 - 5925
Published: Aug. 13, 2024
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Education
influences
brain
health
and
dementia.
However,
its
impact
across
regions,
specifically
Latin
America
(LA)
the
United
States
(US),
is
unknown.
METHODS
A
total
of
1412
participants
comprising
controls,
patients
with
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
frontotemporal
lobar
degeneration
(FTLD)
from
LA
US
were
included.
We
studied
association
education
volume
functional
connectivity
while
controlling
for
imaging
quality
variability,
age,
sex,
intracranial
(TIV),
recording
type.
RESULTS
influenced
measures,
explaining
24%–98%
geographical
differences.
The
educational
disparities
between
associated
gray
matter
variations,
especially
in
AD
patients.
emerged
as
a
critical
factor
classifying
aging
dementia
regions.
DISCUSSION
results
underscore
on
structure
function
LA,
highlighting
importance
incorporating
factors
into
diagnosing,
care,
prevention,
emphasizing
need
global
diversity
research.
Highlights
Lower
was
linked
to
reduced
healthy
controls
(HCs),
(FTLD).
American
cohorts
have
lower
levels
compared
those
States.
Educational
majorly
drive
differences
significant
both
conditions,
but
more
than
FTLD.
stands
EClinicalMedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
82, P. 103187 - 103187
Published: April 1, 2025
While
education
is
crucial
for
brain
health,
evidence
mainly
relies
on
individual
measures
of
years
(YoE),
neglecting
quality
(EQ).
The
effect
YoE
and
EQ
aging
dementia
has
not
been
compared.
We
conducted
a
cross-sectional
assessment
the
health
in
7533
subjects
from
20
countries,
including
healthy
controls
(HCs),
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
frontotemporal
lobar
degeneration
(FTLD).
was
based
country-level
indicators
provided
by
programme
international
student
(PISA).
After
applying
neuroimage
harmonization,
we
examined
its
effect,
along
with
YoE,
gray
matter
volume
functional
connectivity.
Regression
models
were
adjusted
age,
sex,
cognition,
controlling
multiple
comparisons.
influence
image
assessed
through
sensitivity
analysis.
Data
collection
between
June
1
October
30,
2024.
Less
associated
alterations
across
groups.
However,
had
stronger
influence,
targeting
critical
areas
each
condition.
At
whole-brain
level,
influenced
(HCs:
Δmean
=
2·0
[1·9-2·0]
×
10-2,
p
<
10-5;
AD:
0·1
[-0·0
to
0·3]
0·18;
FTLD:
3·5
[3·0-4·0]
all
95%
confidence
intervals)
networks
13·5
[13·2-13·7]
5·9
[5·2-6·7]
13·2
[11·2-13·7]
10-5)
1·3
7·0
times
more
than
YoE.
These
effects
remain
robust
despite
variations
income
socioeconomic
factors
at
country
levels.
results
support
need
incorporate
into
studying
improving
underscoring
importance
measures.
Multi-partner
consortium
expand
research
Latin
America
(ReDLat).
Neurodegenerative Disease Management,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 28
Published: May 27, 2025
Oxidative
stress
(OS)
plays
a
central
role
in
age-related
cognitive
decline
and
neurodegeneration
is
increasingly
recognized
as
key
factor
the
pathogenesis
of
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
Parkinson's
(PD).
Elevated
OS
biomarkers
are
detectable
from
earliest
stages
these
disorders.
In
this
critical
narrative
review,
we
explore
bioenergetic
cascade
underlying
neurodegeneration,
emphasizing
pathophysiological
alterations,
mechanisms,
therapeutic
targets.
Recent
evidence
suggests
that
impaired
cellular
energy
dynamics
both
early
markers
downstream
effects
neuroinflammation,
contributing
to
symptom
severity
reduced
treatment
efficacy.
A
deeper
understanding
interrelated
processes
essential
for
development
more
effective
interventions.
Monitoring
OS-related
metabolites
may
offer
promising
strategy
identifying
targets
enabling
clinical
intervention,
ultimately
aiming
reduce
neuroinflammation
improve
patient
outcomes
AD
PD.
