Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
51(16), P. 7066 - 7114
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Proteolysis
targeting
chimeras
(PROTACs)
technology
is
a
novel
and
promising
therapeutic
strategy
using
small
molecules
to
induce
ubiquitin-dependent
degradation
of
proteins.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
4(1)
Published: Dec. 24, 2019
Although
many
kinds
of
therapies
are
applied
in
the
clinic,
drug-resistance
is
a
major
and
unavoidable
problem.
Another
disturbing
statistic
limited
number
drug
targets,
which
presently
only
20-25%
all
protein
targets
that
currently
being
studied.
Moreover,
focus
current
explorations
their
enzymatic
functions,
ignores
functions
from
scaffold
moiety.
As
promising
appealing
technology,
PROteolysis
TArgeting
Chimeras
(PROTACs)
have
attracted
great
attention
both
academia
industry
for
finding
available
approaches
to
solve
above
problems.
PROTACs
regulate
function
by
degrading
target
proteins
instead
inhibiting
them,
providing
more
sensitivity
drug-resistant
greater
chance
affect
nonenzymatic
functions.
been
proven
show
better
selectivity
compared
classic
inhibitors.
can
be
described
as
chemical
knockdown
approach
with
rapidity
reversibility,
presents
new
different
biology
other
gene
editing
tools
avoiding
misinterpretations
arise
potential
genetic
compensation
and/or
spontaneous
mutations.
PRTOACs
widely
explored
throughout
world
outperformed
not
cancer
diseases,
but
also
immune
disorders,
viral
infections
neurodegenerative
diseases.
present
very
powerful
crossing
hurdles
discovery
tool
development
biology,
efforts
needed
gain
get
deeper
insight
into
efficacy
safety
clinic.
More
binders
E3
ligases
applicable
developing
waiting
exploration.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: May 18, 2021
Abstract
Immunometabolic
intervention
has
been
applied
to
treat
cancer
via
inhibition
of
certain
enzymes
associated
with
intratumoral
metabolism.
However,
small-molecule
inhibitors
and
genetic
modification
often
suffer
from
insufficiency
off-target
side
effects.
Proteolysis
targeting
chimeras
(PROTACs)
provide
an
alternative
way
modulate
protein
homeostasis
for
therapy;
however,
the
always-on
bioactivity
existing
PROTACs
potentially
leads
uncontrollable
degradation
at
non-target
sites,
limiting
their
in
vivo
therapeutic
efficacy.
We
herein
report
a
semiconducting
polymer
nano-PROTAC
(SPN
pro
)
phototherapeutic
activatable
abilities
photo-immunometabolic
therapy.
SPN
can
remotely
generate
singlet
oxygen
(
1
O
2
under
NIR
photoirradiation
eradicate
tumor
cells
induce
immunogenic
cell
death
(ICD)
enhance
immunogenicity.
Moreover,
PROTAC
function
is
specifically
activated
by
biomarker
(cathepsin
B)
trigger
targeted
proteolysis
immunosuppressive
indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase
(IDO)
living
mice.
The
persistent
IDO
blocks
tryptophan
(Trp)-catabolism
program
promotes
activation
effector
T
cells.
Such
SPNpro-mediated
in-situ
immunometabolic
synergizes
phototherapy
boost
antitumor
T-cell
immunity,
effectively
inhibiting
growth
metastasis.
Thus,
this
study
provides
platform
advance