Organothianthrenium salts: synthesis and utilization

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(46), P. 13690 - 13707

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

This review summarizes the synthesis of diverse organothianthrenium salts from various precursors and their applications in organic to forge new C–C, C–H C–heteroatom bonds by C–S bond cleavage with different mechanistic considerations.

Language: Английский

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Selective Fluorosulfonylation of Thianthrenium Salts Enabled by Electrochemistry

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 581 - 586

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

A practical electrochemically driven method for fluorosulfonylation of both aryl and alkyl thianthrenium salts has been disclosed. The strategy does not need external redox reagents or metal catalysts. In combination with C-H thianthrenation aromatics, this provides a new tool the site-selective drugs.

Language: Английский

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Unified metal-free intermolecular Heck-type sulfonylation, cyanation, amination, amidation of alkenes by thianthrenation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Abstract Direct and site-selective C-H functionalization of alkenes under environmentally benign conditions represents a useful attractive yet challenging transformation to access value-added molecules. Herein, unified protocol for variety intermolecular Heck-type functionalizations C sp2 -H bond has been developed by thianthrenation. The reaction features metal-free operationally simple exclusive cine -selective aliphatic aryl forge C-C, C-N, C-P, C-S bonds at room temperature, providing general with nucleophiles (Nu = sulfinates, cyanides, amines, amides). Alkenes undergo -sulfonylation, cyanation, amination afford alkenyl sulfones, nitriles enamines.

Language: Английский

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Visible Light‐Mediated Cyclopropanation: Recent Progress

European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022(44)

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Abstract Cyclopropanes are one of the most important strained rings existing in various pharmaceutical products and secondary metabolites. They also widely used total synthesis natural products, medicinal chemistry, materials science. In past years, photochemical cyclopropanation has been gradually developed as a robust attractive synthetic method to prepare diverse cyclopropane backbones. this review, we summarize recent advances visible light‐mediated synthesis, especially using carbene transfer strategy photocatalytic radical reactions.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in the accessibility, synthetic utility, and biological applications of aziridines

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(22), P. 4553 - 4573

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Compounds featuring aziridine moieties are widely known and extensively reported in the literature. Due to their great potential from both synthetic pharmacological points of view, many researchers have focused efforts on development new methodologies for preparation transformation these interesting compounds. Over years, more ways obtain molecules bearing three-membered functional groups, which challenging due inherent reactivity, been described. Among them, several sustainable. In this review, we report recent advances biological chemical evolution derivatives, particular, variety described synthesis aziridines transformations leading formation such as 4-7 membered heterocycles pharmaceutical interest promising activities.

Language: Английский

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Regiospecific Alkene Aminofunctionalization via an Electrogenerated Dielectrophile

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145(15), P. 8299 - 8307

Published: April 6, 2023

Modular strategies to rapidly increase molecular complexity have proven immensely synthetically valuable. In principle, transformation of an alkene into a dielectrophile presents opportunity deliver two unique nucleophiles across alkene. Unfortunately, the selectivity profiles known dielectrophiles largely precluded this deceptively simple synthetic approach. Herein, we demonstrate that dicationic adducts generated through electrolysis alkenes and thianthrene possess profile relative more conventional dielectrophiles. Specifically, these species undergo single perfectly regioselective substitution reaction with phthalimide salts. This observation unlocks appealing new platform for aminofunctionalization reactions. As illustrative example, implement reactivity paradigm address longstanding challenge: diamination distinct nitrogen nucleophiles. Studies mechanism process reveal key alkenyl thianthrenium salt intermediate controls exquisite regioselectivity highlight importance proton sources in controlling sulfonium electrophiles.

Language: Английский

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Photosensitized O ₂ enables intermolecular alkene cyclopropanation by active methylene compounds

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(6657), P. 545 - 553

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Cyclopropanes are key features in many preclinical, clinical, and commercial drugs, as well natural products. The most prolific technique for their synthesis is the metal-catalyzed reaction of an alkene with a diazoalkane, highly energetic reagent requiring stringent safety precautions. Discovery alternative innocuous reagents remains ongoing challenge. Herein, we report simple photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular cyclopropanation unactivated alkenes active methylene compounds. proceeds neutral solvent under air or dioxygen (O 2 ) photoredox catalyst excited by blue light-emitting diode light iodine co-catalyst that either added molecular generated situ from alkyl iodides. Mechanistic investigations indicate photosensitized O plays vital role generation carbon-centered radicals both addition compounds to ring closure.

Language: Английский

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Photocatalytic Functionalization of Dehydroalanine‐Derived Peptides in Batch and Flow

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(19)

Published: March 18, 2024

Abstract Unnatural amino acids, and their synthesis by the late‐stage functionalization (LSF) of peptides, play a crucial role in areas such as drug design discovery. Historically, LSF biomolecules has predominantly utilized traditional synthetic methodologies that exploit nucleophilic residues, cysteine, lysine or tyrosine. Herein, we present photocatalytic hydroarylation process targeting electrophilic residue dehydroalanine (Dha). This possesses an α , β ‐unsaturated moiety can be combined with various arylthianthrenium salts, both batch flow reactors. Notably, setup proved instrumental for efficient scale‐up, paving way unnatural acids peptides substantial quantities. Our approach, being inherently mild, permits diversification even when they contain sensitive functional groups. The readily available salts facilitate seamless integration Dha‐containing wide range arenes, blueprints, natural products, culminating creation unconventional phenylalanine derivatives. synergistic effect high group tolerance modular characteristic aryl electrophile enables peptide conjugation ligation conditions.

Language: Английский

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Metallaphotoredox deuteroalkylation utilizing thianthrenium salts

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 13, 2024

Abstract Deuterium labeling compounds play a crucial role in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. The synthesis of such typically involves deuterated building blocks, allowing for the incorporation deuterium atoms functional groups into target molecule single step. Unfortunately, limited availability synthetic approaches to synthons has impeded progress this field. Here, we present an approach utilizing alkyl-substituted thianthrenium salts that efficiently selectively introduce at α position alkyl chains through pH-dependent HIE process, using D 2 O as source. resulting α-deuterated salts, which bear two atoms, exhibit excellent selectivity electrophilic substitution reactions. Through situ formation isotopically labelled halides, these demonstrate compatibility series metallaphotoredox cross-electrophile coupling with (hetero)aryl, alkenyl, bromides, other salts. Our technique allows wide range substrates, high incorporation, precise control over site insertion within benzyl position, allylic or any chain between, well neighboring heteroatoms. This makes it invaluable synthesizing various deuterium-labeled compounds, especially those significance.

Language: Английский

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Alkene Thianthrenation Unlocks Diverse Cation Synthons: Recent Progress and New Opportunities

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(16)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Oxidative alkene functionalization reactions are a fundamental class of complexity-building organic transformations. However, the majority established approaches rely on electrophilic reagents that limit diversity groups can be installed. Recent advances have new approach instead relies transformation alkenes into thianthrene-derived cationic electrophiles. These linchpin intermediates generated selectively and undergo diverse array mechanistically distinct with abundant nucleophiles. Taken together, this unlocks suite net oxidative transformations been elusive using conventional strategies. This Minireview describes these is organized around three synthons formally accessible from via thianthrenation: 1) alkenyl cations; 2) vicinal dications; 3) allyl cations. Throughout Minireview, we illustrate how thianthrenium salts address key limitations endemic to classic alkene-derived electrophiles highlight mechanistic origins distinctions wherever possible.

Language: Английский

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