Batch and Continuous-Flow Electrochemical Geminal Difluorination of Indeno[1,2-c]furans DOI

Guo-Cai Yuan,

Fang‐Ling Gao,

Kang-Wei Liu

et al.

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(28), P. 6059 - 6064

Published: July 5, 2024

An electrochemical gem-difluorination of indeno[1,2-c]furans using commercially available and easy-to-use triethylamine trihydrofluoride as both the electrolyte fluorinating agent was developed. Remarkably, different reaction pathways indeno[1,2-c]furans, i.e., paired electrolysis net oxidation, are operative in a batch reactor continuous-flow microreactor to afford corresponding gem-difluorinated indanones indenones, respectively.

Language: Английский

Synthetic Advantages of Defluorinative C−F Bond Functionalization DOI Creative Commons
Leidy V. Hooker, Jeffrey S. Bandar

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(49)

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Abstract Much progress has been made in the development of methods to both create compounds that contain C−F bonds and functionalize bonds. As such, are becoming common versatile synthetic functional handles. This review summarizes advantages defluorinative functionalization reactions for small molecule synthesis. The coverage is organized by type carbon framework fluorine attached mono‐ polyfluorinated motifs. main challenges, opportunities advances discussed each class organofluorine. Most text focuses on case studies illustrate how defluorofunctionalization can improve routes targets or properties enable unique mechanisms reactions. broader goal showcase incorporating exploiting design routes, improvement specific advent new methods.

Language: Английский

Citations

59
Photo- and electro-chemical strategies for the activations of strong chemical bonds DOI
Xianhai Tian, Yuliang Liu, Shahboz Yakubov

et al.

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 263 - 316

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

The employment of light and/or electricity - alternatively to conventional thermal energy unlocks new reactivity paradigms as tools for chemical substrate activations. This leads the development synthetic reactions and a vast expansion spaces. review summarizes recent developments in photo- electrochemical activation strategies functionalization strong bonds particularly carbon-heteroatom (C-X)

Language: Английский

Citations

43
C−F bond activation enables synthesis of aryl difluoromethyl bicyclopentanes as benzophenone-type bioisosteres DOI Creative Commons
Mingshuo Chen,

Yuang Cui,

Xiaoping Chen

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Bioisosteric design has become an essential approach in the development of drug molecules. Recent advancements synthetic methodologies have enabled rapid adoption this strategy into discovery programs. Consequently, conceptionally innovative practices would be appreciated by medicinal chemistry community. Here we report expeditous method for synthesizing aryl difluoromethyl bicyclopentane (ADB) as a bioisostere benzophenone core. This involves merger light-driven C−F bond activation and strain-release under catalysis newly designed N -anionic-based organic photocatalyst. defluorinative coupling methodology enables direct conversion wide variety commercially available trifluoromethylaromatic bonds (more than 70 examples) corresponding bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCP) arenes/difluoromethyl BCP boronates single step. The can also applied to [3.1.1]and [4.1.1]propellane systems, providing access analogues with different geometries. Moreover, successfully used protocol rapidly prepare ADB-substituted bioactive molecule Adiporon. Biological testing shown that ADB scaffold potential enhance pharmacological properties benzophenone-type candidates.

Language: Английский

Citations

31
Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Defluorinative Transformations of C—F Bonds DOI

Qinhui Wan,

Ruixue Liu, Zhongyi Zhang

et al.

Chinese Journal of Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(16), P. 1913 - 1928

Published: April 24, 2024

Comprehensive Summary Organic fluorine compounds are ubiquitous and pivotally important organic molecules, yet their activation transformation have long been a formidable challenge due to the high energy low reactivity of C—F bonds. electrosynthesis, an environmentally benign synthetic method in chemistry, enables myriad chemical transformations without need for external redox reagents. In recent years, electrochemistry has emerged as powerful tool achieving bonds fluorine‐containing compounds. This review aims succinctly recapitulate latest advancements electrochemical defluorinative delve into reaction design, mechanistic insights, developmental prospects these methods. Key Scientists 1959, Lund was first pioneer electroreduction CF 3 CH group. Electrochemistry lately provided new opportunities efficient conversion fluorides. 2020, Zhou coworkers discovered carboxylation α‐CF alkenes. Lambert colleagues reported electrophotocatalytic amination aryl Electrochemical hydrodefluorination trifluoromethylketones developed by Lennox 2021. same year, Wang Guo disclosed radical alkylation alkenes with Katritzky salts alkyl precursors. Subsequently, Wu Liao described transition‐metal‐free, site‐selective arylation polyfluoroarenes (het)arenes using paired electrophotocatalysis. 2023, numerous efforts were made achieve bond activation. Xia organoboron‐controlled chemoselective sequential (deutero)hydrodefluorination trifluoroacetamides.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
A review of frustrated Lewis pair enabled monoselective C–F bond activation DOI Creative Commons
Kenneth Lye, Rowan D. Young

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 2712 - 2724

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) bond activation chemistry has greatly developed over the last two decades since seminal report of metal-free reversible hydrogen activation. Recently, FLP systems have been utilized to allow monoselective C-F (at equivalent sites) in polyfluoroalkanes. The problem 'over-defluorination' functionalization polyfluoroalkanes (where multiple fluoro-positions are uncontrollably functionalized) a long-standing chemical fluorocarbon for 80 years. mediated is complementary other solutions address and offers several advantages unique opportunities. This perspective highlights some these opportunities places development into context wider effort overcome 'over-defluorination'.

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Defluorinative functionalization approach led by difluoromethyl anion chemistry DOI Creative Commons
Kensuke Muta, Kazuhiro Okamoto, Hiroki Nakayama

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Electronically Ambivalent Hydrodefluorination of Aryl‐CF3 groups enabled by Electrochemical Deep‐Reduction on a Ni Cathode DOI Creative Commons
John R. Box, Mickaël Avanthay, Darren L. Poole

et al.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(12)

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

We report a general procedure for the direct mono- and di-hydrodefluorination of ArCF

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Construction of C–X (X = S, O, Se) Bonds via Lewis Acid-Promoted Functionalization of Trifluoromethylarenes DOI
Jun Xu, Jiawei Liu,

Rui Wang

et al.

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 7339 - 7346

Published: May 16, 2023

The conversion of easily available trifluoromethylarenes through C–F bond activation provides an attractive pathway for rapid access to difluorobenzylic substructures in producing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, recent advances this area have been confined C–C(H) construction, thus limiting the diversity accessible motifs. In contrast, selective formation a carbon–heteroatom via functionalization, which enable fast convenient diverse fluorine-containing motifs with high chemical diversity, remains formidable synthetic challenge. Herein, we disclosed Lewis acid promoted photoredox-catalyzed strategy construction C–X (X = S, O or Se) bonds by single C(sp3)–F trifluoromethylarenes, direct synthesis medicinally interesting aryldifluoromethyl ether [ArCF2X– O, Se)] scaffolds. This method relies on readily reagents can tolerate range thiol, phenol, selenol nucleophiles. Its utility was exemplified late-stage modifications several pharmaceutical ingredients. Preliminary studies suggest two parallel pathways: photocatalytic electron-transfer (SET), electron donor–acceptor (EDA) process.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Recent Advances in Deuteration Reactions† DOI
Hao Li, Shabbir Muhammad, Wu Li

et al.

Chinese Journal of Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(10), P. 1145 - 1156

Published: Dec. 26, 2023

Comprehensive Summary The deuteration of organic compounds has attracted more attentions in recent years for the potential applications new drug discovery and synthetic chemistry. For this purpose, many efficient deuterium labeling methodologies have been developed, including hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE), reductive deuteration, dehalogenative that allow synthesis selectively deuterated compounds. In last few years, great breakthroughs selective achieved interest molecules is rising. review, we summarized developments since 2021. Several types key processes incorporation reactions, H/D exchange, are introduced discussed. Key Scientists 2000s, Derdau Atzrodt's group made contributions to directing assisted noble‐metal catalyzed arenes labeled During same period, Sajiki co‐workers completed a series reactions by heterogeneous platinum‐group metal catalysts. Since 2015, Gregory Pieters developed ruthenium catalysts exchange. 2016, Chirik's presence homogeneous iron complex. David MacMillan coworkers photocatalyzed HIE α‐amino C(sp 3 )–H bonds. From 2020, nanoelectrodes were designed deuterations unactivated unsaturated bonds Zhang's group. Recently, Beller's several strategies isotopic using earth‐abundant Our review latest important

Language: Английский

Citations

29
α‐Difluoroalkylation of Benzyl Amines with Trifluoromethylarenes DOI

Wen‐Jun Yue,

Rubén Martı́n

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(40)

Published: Aug. 19, 2023

Abstract An α‐difluoroalkylation of benzyl amines with trifluoromethylarenes is disclosed herein. This protocol characterized by its operational simplicity, excellent chemoselectivity and broad scope—even advanced synthetic intermediates—, thus offering a new entry point to medicinally‐relevant α‐difluoroalkylated from simple, yet readily accessible, precursors.

Language: Английский

Citations

20