Advantages, challenges and molecular design of different material types used in organic solar cells

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 46 - 62

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2350 - 2387

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Language: Английский

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Dithienoquinoxalineimide‐Based Polymer Donor Enables All‐Polymer Solar Cells Over 19 % Efficiency

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(21)

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for commercial applications owing to their outstanding advantages such mechanical flexibility, light weight and stable film morphology. However, compared large amount new-emerging excellent polymer acceptors, development high-performance donor lags behind. Herein, a new D-π-A type donor, namely QQ1, was developed based on dithienoquinoxalineimide (DTQI) A unit, benzodithiophene with thiophene-conjugated side chains (BDTT) D alkyl-thiophene π-bridge, respectively. QQ1 not only possesses strong dipole moment, but also shows wide band gap 1.80 eV deep HOMO energy level -5.47 eV, even without halogen substituents that are commonly indispensable donors. When blended classic acceptor PY-IT, QQ1-based all-PSC delivers an PCE 18.81 %. After introduction F-BTA3 third component, record 19.20 % obtained, highest value reported so far all-PSCs. The impressive photovoltaic performance originates from broad absorption range, reduced loss, compact π-π stacking. These results provide insight in rational design novel nonhalogenated donors further

Language: Английский

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Green-Solvent Processed Blade-Coating Organic Solar Cells with an Efficiency Approaching 19% Enabled by Alkyl-Tailored Acceptors

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

Abstract Power-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) in laboratory, normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents, have reached over 19%. However, there is usually a marked PCE drop when the blade-coating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead, which hampers practical development OSCs. Here, new series N -alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF same molecular main backbone developed combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused end-group. Thanks to -alkyl engineering, NIR-absorbing show different crystallinity, packing patterns, miscibility polymeric donor. The studies exhibit that packing, vertical distribution active layer morphologies well optimized introducing newly designed guest acceptor associated tailored chains, providing improved charge transfer dynamics stability for PM6:L8-BO:YR-SeNF-based As result, record-high approaching 19% achieved OSCs fabricated from green-solvent o -xylene high-boiling point. Notably, ternary offer robust operating under maximum-power-point tracking well-keep > 80% initial PCEs even 400 h. Our alkyl-tailored strategy provides unique approach develop high-efficiency stable OSCs, paves way industrial development.

Language: Английский

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Over 19 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Manipulating the Intermolecular Interactions through Side Chain Fluorine Functionalization

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(15)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Fluorine side chain functionalization of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) represents an effective strategy for enhancing the performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, a knowledge gap persists regarding relationship between structural changes induced by fluorine and resultant impact on device performance. In this work, varying amounts atoms were introduced into outer chains Y-series NFAs to construct two named BTP-F0 BTP-F5. Theoretical experimental investigations reveal that side-chain fluorination significantly increase overall average electrostatic potential (ESP) charge balance factor, thereby effectively improving ESP-induced intermolecular interaction, thus precisely tuning molecular packing bulk-heterojunction morphology. Therefore, BTP-F5-based OSC exhibited enhanced crystallinity, domain purity, reduced spacing, optimized phase distribution in vertical direction. This facilitates exciton diffusion, suppresses recombination, improves extraction. Consequently, promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) 17.3 % 19.2 achieved binary ternary devices, respectively, surpassing PCE 16.1 BTP-F0-based OSCs. work establishes structure-performance demonstrates is compelling achieving ideal separation highly efficient

Language: Английский

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Organic small molecule acceptor materials for organic solar cells

eScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(5), P. 100171 - 100171

Published: Aug. 6, 2023

The active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) is composed a p-type conjugated polymer as the donor and an n-type semiconductor acceptor. Since report bulk-heterojunction OSCs with soluble C60 derivative PCBM acceptor in 1995, fullerene derivatives, including C70 PC71BM, have been dominant acceptors for 20 years. In 2015, A–D–A structured small molecule (SMA) was developed, which possesses advantages narrow bandgap, strong absorption long wavelength region, suitable electronic energy levels, contrast to acceptors. SMAs boost power conversion efficiency (PCE) 10–14% level. Recently, benefiting from innovation A–DA'D–A SMAs, PCE has rapidly increased 15% 19%. this review, development history materials briefly introduced. molecular structures physicochemical photovoltaic properties acceptors, derivatives bandgap are described. particular, effect regulating packing miscibility on their performance discussed. Finally, current challenges prospects analyzed

Language: Английский

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End-Group Engineering of Nonfullerene Acceptors for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

Accounts of Materials Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(11), P. 968 - 981

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

ConspectusIn recent years, organic solar cells (OSCs) have made significant advancements due to a deeper understanding of molecular design and device technology. One area that has contributed these is the emergence nonfullerene small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) polymerized SMAs. The strategy state-of-the-art SMAs focuses on two aspects: electron-rich central core unit electron-deficient end groups. Different from manipulation cores, end-group engineering direct efficient means adjust physicochemical properties crystallization/aggregation behavior acceptors, leading enhanced photovoltaic performance. On basis our research advances, herein we focus topic aiming provide comprehensive optimization groups for high-performance acceptor materials.In this Account, first, systematically compare difference between thiophene-fused benzene-fused in synthetic routes energy levels. Unlike centrosymmetric benzene, axisymmetric different fusion modes, resulting their frontier orbital Second, offer wrought review with or thiophene derivatives-fused groups, emphasizing important role enhancing packing, improving exciton bonding energy, reducing loss OSCs. Additionally, reveal specific reason why group an α/β site β/γ significantly Third, summarize parameters conventional based monobromobenzene-fused fluorobromine (or chlorobromide) cosubstituted We demonstrate regioregular show great prospects realizing all-polymer by eliminating disorder backbone structure pure Furthermore, halogenation (fluorination chlorination) also effective method designing PSMAs large electron mobility induced intermolecular noncovalent interactions halogen···H, halogen···S, halogen···halogen. Finally, analyze asymmetric substitution developing In comparison symmetric SMAs, one achieves low while ensuring sufficient charge separation. As summary perspective, discuss current questions regarding propose insights into future development novel toward low-cost

Language: Английский

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Designing Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Core-Based, A₂–D–A₁–D–A₂-Type Acceptor Molecules for Promising Photovoltaic Parameters in Organic Photovoltaic Cells

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 6403 - 6422

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Nonfullerene-based organic solar cells can be utilized as favorable photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices due to their enhanced life span efficiency. In this research, seven new molecules were designed improve the working efficiency of by utilizing a terminal acceptor modification approach. The perceived A2–D–A1–D–A2 configuration-based possess lower band gap ranging from 1.95 2.21 eV compared pre-existing reference molecule (RW), which has 2.23 eV. modified also exhibit higher λmax values 672 768 nm in gaseous 715–839 solvent phases, respectively, (RW) molecule, at 673 719 gas chloroform medium, respectively. ground state geometries, molecular planarity parameter, deviation plane analyzed study all molecules. natural transition orbitals, density state, electrostatic potential, noncovalent interactions, frontier matrix analysis studied executed validate properties these Improved charge mobilities dipole moments observed, newly possessed internal reorganization energies. open circuit voltage (Voc) W4, W5, W6, W7 among was improved molecule. These results elaborate on superiority novel-designed over potential blocks for better cell applications.

Language: Английский

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A–D–A'–D–A type nonfused ring electron acceptors for efficient organic solar cells via synergistic molecular packing and orientation control

Aggregate, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Abstract Nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) are promising candidates for future commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their simple synthesis. Still, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) NFREA‐based OSCs have large room improvement. In this work, by merging end group halogenation and side chain engineering, we developed four A–D–A'–D–A type NFREAs, which refer as EH‐4F, C4‐4F, EH‐4Cl, C4‐4Cl. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that multiple intermolecular S···F interactions between cyclopentadithiophene 5,6‐difluoro‐3‐(dicyanomethylene)indanone could cause an unfavorable dimer formation, leading ineffective π–π stackings in EH‐4F whereas no such was found EH‐4Cl C4‐4Cl after replacing with 5,6‐dichloro‐3‐(dicyanomethylene)indanone. Moreover, although shorter n ‐butyl resulted a closer molecular packing C4‐4Cl, (2‐ethylhexyl substitution) proper crystallinity exhibited enhanced face‐on orientation thin film, is favorable vertical charge transport further reducing recombination. As result, PCE 13.0% obtained EH‐4Cl‐based OSC fill factor 0.70. This work highlights importance control toward high‐performance NFREAs.

Language: Английский

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Understanding photochemical degradation mechanisms in photoactive layer materials for organic solar cells

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(14), P. 7426 - 7454

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Over the past decades, field of organic solar cells (OSCs) has witnessed a significant evolution in materials chemistry, which resulted remarkable enhancement device performance, achieving efficiencies over 19%. The photoactive layer OSCs play crucial role light absorption, charge generation, transport and stability. To facilitate scale-up OSCs, it is imperative to address photostability these electron acceptor donor materials, as their photochemical degradation process remains challenge during photo-to-electric conversion. In this review, we present an overview development emphasizing aspects chemical stability behavior that are linked OSCs. Throughout each section, highlight pathways for link degradation. We also discuss existing interdisciplinary challenges obstacles impede photostable materials. Finally, offer insights into strategies aimed at enhancing future directions developing photo-active layers, facilitating commercialization

Language: Английский

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