Metal-free
polymeric
photocatalysts
with
tunable
building
blocks,
ample
redox-active
centers,
and
exceptional
light-harvesting
capability
have
emerged
as
promising
candidates
for
generating
hydrogen
peroxide
(H2O2)
through
the
oxygen
reduction
reaction
(ORR)
water
oxidation
(WOR).
The
slow
kinetics
of
WOR
process
coupled
rapid
charge
recombination
nevertheless
impedes
efficient
generation
H2O2.
Herein,
a
thiophene
functionalized
linear
conjugated
polymer
(DEB-Tp-S2)
was
fabricated
effective
overall
H2O2
photoproduction.
DEB-Tp-S2
exhibits
high
initial
photocatalytic
yield
rate
2762
μmol
g–1
h–1
in
absence
sacrificial
additives
possesses
outstanding
cycling
stability.
Experimental
density
functional
theory
(DFT)
results
exhibit
that
moieties
can
reduce
strength
O–H
bond
H2O,
which
promotes
4e–
process,
thereby
suppressing
improving
proton
supply.
This
work
reveals
indispensable
role
chemical
structure
engineering
optimizing
their
offers
fresh
insights
into
design
achieving
production.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 28, 2025
Abstract
Cyanamide‐defect
and
heptazine/triazine
(H/T)
junction
in
g‐C
3
N
4
(CN)
have
commonly
been
considered
as
an
effective
strategy
for
solar‐driven
artificial
H
2
O
photosynthesis.
However,
their
synergistic
effect
is
still
ambiguous
regarding
how
to
manipulate
free
electrons
effectively
participate
the
reduction
.
Herein,
through
alkali‐salt‐assist‐thermal
polymerization
approach,
a
series
of
samples
with
cyanamide‐defect,
H/T
aredeveloped.
Subsequently,
it
demonstrated
that
appropriate
ratio
cyanamide
defect
crystalline
CN
can
respectively
facilitate
formation
at
shorter
longer
lifetime
scales
due
different
strength
driving
forces.
These
synergically
direct
2e
−
stepwise
radical
process
efficient
production.
Eventually,
elucidate
optimal
photocatalyst,
owing
its
structure
proper
defect,
achieved
remarkable
yield
60.03
mmol
h
−1
g
quantum
efficiency
43.7%
420
nm
solar‐to‐chemical‐conversion
2.55%
under
AM
1.5G
irradiation.
This
work
will
open
bright
avenue
design
organic
photocatalysts
charge
carriers
engaging
surface
reaction.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 18, 2025
Abstract
Hydrogen
peroxide
(H
2
O
)
is
an
environmentally
friendly
reagent,
and
organic
semiconductors
(OSCs)
are
ideal
photocatalysts
for
the
synthesis
of
H
due
to
their
well‐defined
molecular
structure,
strong
donor‐acceptor
interactions,
efficient
charge
separation.
This
review
discusses
regulatory
mechanisms
functional
group
modifications
in
tuning
photocatalytic
performance
OSCs,
highlighting
relationship
between
structure
catalytic
performance.
For
example,
electron‐regulating
groups,
such
as
cyano
halogen,
induce
dipoles,
facilitating
migration
photogenerated
electrons.
Fluorine
groups
optimize
band
prolong
carrier
lifetime
high
electronegativity.
π‐Conjugated
extension
like
anthraquinone
thiophene,
expand
conjugation,
improve
visible
light
capture,
stabilize
intermediates
through
redox
cycles.
Hydroxyl
enhance
surface
hydrophilicity
promote
activation,
while
imine
bond
protonation
adjusts
distribution
improves
selectivity
cycle
stability.
Multi‐active
site
sulfonic
acid
amide,
accelerate
reaction
kinetics
inhibit
decomposition.
Functional
absorption,
separation,
reactions
electronic
regulation,
intermediate
adsorption
optimization,
proton‐electron
transfer.
Future
work
should
integrate
machine
learning
identify
optimal
combinations
develop
green
functionalization
strategies
photocatalyst
synthesis.
Solar RRL,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 20, 2025
Harnessing
sunlight
for
the
direct
generation
of
hydrogen
peroxide
(H
2
O
)
from
water
and
air
presents
a
significant
challenge
in
sustainable
chemistry.Resorcinol‐formaldehyde
(RF)
resins,
as
emerging
donor–acceptor
(D‐A)
polymeric
photocatalysts,
encounter
limitations
stemming
inefficient
charge
transfer.
This
study
introduces
design
synthesis
noble
metal
(Au,
Ag,
Pt)
nanoparticle‐modified
RF
with
specific
focus
on
Au‐RF
due
to
its
exceptional
photocatalytic
activity.
The
electronic
coupling
at
interface
between
Au
nanoparticles
CO
bonds
phenolic
hydroxyl
groups
resin
facilitates
efficient
transfer,
leading
remarkable
improvement
performance,
which
is
attributed
interfacial
interactions
rather
than
surface
plasmon
resonance
effects.
optimized
composite
demonstrates
record
H
production
rate
252.28
μmol
g
−1
h
solar‐chemical
conversion
efficiency
1.23%
after
6
h,
significantly
surpassing
that
pristine
resin.
research
paves
way
development
D‐A
photocatalysts
under
solar
irradiation.
InfoScience.,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 21, 2025
Abstract
Hydrogen
peroxide
(H
2
O
),
an
environmentally
benign
oxidizer,
finds
extensive
applications
in
pulp
bleaching,
wastewater
treatment,
and
medical
sterilization.
Photocatalytic
H
synthesis
via
water
oxygen
activation
on
semiconductor
surfaces
presents
a
sustainable
production
strategy.
Notably,
structurally
tunable
organic
photocatalysts
have
emerged
as
promising
candidates,
which
targeted
molecular
engineering
can
boost
the
photocatalytic
performance
by
enlarging
specific
surface
areas,
extending
light
absorption
ranges,
facilitating
charge
carrier
transport‐separation
dynamics.
Given
growing
significance
of
synthesis,
comprehensive
review
this
field
has
become
imperative.
This
paper
offers
systematic
examination
visible‐light‐driven
using
various
photocatalysts,
including
graphitic
carbon
nitride
(g‐C
3
N
4
resorcinol‐formaldehyde
(RF)
resin,
covalent
frameworks
(COFs),
linear
conjugated
polymers
(LCPs).
The
focus
lies
fundamental
mechanistic
elucidation,
design
reaction
pathways
active
sites,
modification
strategies,
establishment
efficient
systems.
Extensive
studies
correlated
efficiency
with
interfacial
electron
transfer
kinetics
spatial
separation.
Therefore,
we
methodically
analyze
key
determinants
governing
photogenerated
dynamics
present
strategies
for
enhancement.
Furthermore,
discuss
emerging
application
scenarios
enabled
generation.
Importantly,
critically
evaluates
persistent
challenges
cutting‐edge
solutions
visible‐light‐mediated
ultimately
providing
principles
developing
high‐efficiency
photocatalysts.
Dalton Transactions,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
The
need
for
effective
alternative
energy
sources
and
"green"
industrial
processes
is
a
more
crucial
societal
topic
than
ever.
In
this
context,
mastering
oxygen
reduction
reactions
(ORRs)
key
step
to
develop
fuel
cells
or
propose
alternatives
energy-intensive
setups
such
as
the
anthraquinone
process
hydrogen
peroxide
production.
Achieving
goal
using
bio-inspired
metal
complexes
based
on
abundant
non-toxic
elements
could
provide
an
environmentally
friendly
option.
Given
prevalence
of
Cu-containing
active
sites
capable
reductive
activation
dioxygen
in
nature,
development
Cu-based
catalysts
ORR
thus
appears
be
relevant
approach.
We
herein
report
preparation,
full
characterization
(TD)DFT
investigation
new
dinuclear
mixed-valent
copper
complex
6
exhibiting
Cu
Advanced Energy Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
Abstract
Driving
efficient
artificial
photosynthesis
of
H
2
O
is
highly
desirable
in
both
academic
and
industrial
fields.
Here,
a
new
core–shell
Bi
3
TiNbO
9
@C
4
N
heterojunction
constructed
for
photocatalytic
production
by
situ
encapsulating
an
ultrathin
layer
covalent
organic
framework
material
(C
N)
on
Aurivillius‐type
microsheets.
The
porous
C
found
to
enhance
visible‐light
absorption
ability
facilitate
the
adsorption
activation
reactants
intermediates.
hybrid
follows
S‐scheme
charge
transfer
with
assistance
strong
internal
electric
field
(IEF),
which
promotes
spatial
separation
photogenerated
carriers
effectively
maintains
their
redox
abilities.
As
result,
optimized
unveils
high
yield
rate
1.25(2)
mmol
g
−1
h
absence
sacrificial
agents
cocatalyst,
10.9
3.5
folds
higher
than
those
pristine
catalysts,
respectively.
This
work
provides
strategy
decorate
frameworks
(COFs)
oxide
perovskites
,
may
stimulate
intensive
investigation
interests
functional
materials/COFs
materials
various
photocatalysis
applications.
The
circulation
of
redox
pairs
solely
based
on
peroxymonosulfate
(PMS)
is
slow
and
inefficient.
Herein,
urchin-like
Sv-MoS2
were
in
situ
deposited
defect-rich
NBC-C3N5
surfaces
via
hydrothermal
method.
inherent
defects
the
NBC-C3N5@Sv-MoS2
(NCM)
Sulfur
vacancy
(Sv)
induces
electrons
to
inject
Mo
sites
directionally
a
"stabilize-then-accelerate"
strategy,
ultimately
realize
self-regeneration
site.
Experimental
Density
functional
theory
(DFT)
calculation
results
demonstrate
that
NCM
could
effectively
activate
PMS
generate
•OH
SO4•-
for
degradation
Levofloxacin
(LFX)
with
presence
Visible
light,
fabrication
greatly
prolongs
length
peroxy
bond
(O-O)
increases
electron
flux,
leading
superior
radical
generation
compared
1O2.
Furthermore,
experimental
investigation
reactors
stirring
devices
within
system
demonstrates
promising
applications
water
environment
remediation.