High‐Performance Photoactive Polymers: Innovations in Ternary Polymerization for Solar Applications

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Abstract In recent years, polymer solar cells (PSCs) have achieved rapid progress, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching up to 20.25%, driven by significant advancements in device fabrication and active‐layer materials. The ternary polymerization strategy has proven be a straightforward effective approach for developing high‐performance photoelectric polymers incorporating third monomer into the backbone. This incorporation effectively optimizes intrinsic properties, including UV–vis absorption, energy levels, solubility, crystallinity, morphology, charge transfer, mechanical robustness, batch‐to‐batch reproducibility, stability. review highlights latest designing photoactive copolymers (both donors acceptors), particular focus on stability, potential applications commercial development. aim is provide valuable guidance development of materials using strategy.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Linking‐Site on Photovoltaic Performance of Giant Molecular Acceptors Containing N‐Type Linker

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Abstract Connecting small molecule acceptors through conjugated or nonconjugated linker to form giant molecular (GMAs) represents a strategic approach enhancing the morphological stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, we employed benzothiadiazole (BT) as typical n ‐type design and synthesize two GMAs linking‐site isomerization: i‐BT‐DY o‐BT‐DY. Compared i‐BT‐DY, o‐BT‐DY exhibits enhanced crystallinity more favorable face‐on orientation but lower electron mobility. This can be well explained by theoretical calculations, demonstrates delocalized LUMO distribution significantly stronger intramolecular super‐exchange coupling (43.7 meV versus 22.2 for o‐BT‐DY). Additionally, also red‐shifted absorption. Combining these attributes, PM6: blend achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) 18.86%. The PCE further increased 19.49% in ternary blend. As expected, OSCs based on both exhibit exceptional long‐term photostability (T85% >1000 hours). work deepens our understanding how linkers at different linking sites influence performance GMAs, concluding that interaction, rather than intermolecular, are primary factor affecting charge transport acceptors. it highlights potential components OSCs.

Language: Английский

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Giant Molecule Acceptors for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells

Giant, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 100336 - 100336

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Dimeric Small Molecule Acceptors via Terminal‐End Connections: Effect of Flexible Linker Length on Photovoltaic Performance

Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Abstract The dimerization of small molecule acceptors (SMAs) holds significant potential by combining the advantages both SMAs and polymer in realizing high power conversion efficiency (PCE) operational stability organic solar cells (OSCs). However, advancements selection innovation dimeric linkers are still challenging enhancing their performance. In this study, three new acceptors, namely DY‐Ar‐4, DY‐Ar‐5, DY‐Ar‐6 synthesized, linking two Y‐series SMA subunits via an “end‐to‐end” strategy using flexible spacers (octyl, decyl, dodecyl, respectively). influence spacer lengths on device performance is systematically investigated. results indicate that DY‐Ar‐5 exhibits more compact ordered packing, leading to optimal morphology. OSCs based PM6: achieves a maximum PCE 15.76%, attributes enhance balance carrier mobility, reduce recombination. This suitable non‐conjugated units provides rational principle for designing high‐performance non‐fullerene acceptors.

Language: Английский

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Local Structure‐Induced Selective Interactions Enables High‐Performance and Burn‐in‐Free Organic Photovoltaics

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

Abstract Oligomeric acceptors (OAs) have attracted considerable attention in the organic photovoltaics (OPV) field owing to their capacity balancing merits from both monomeric and polymeric acceptors. A delicate control over distortion between blocks of OAs usually determines performance stability relevant OPV devices. However, it imposes great complexity realize a controllable degree by tuning skeleton position linker blocks. Herein, we developed facile strategy rationally geometry via straightforward substitution alkoxy side‐chains on This helps elucidate integrated influences molecular non‐bonded contacts selective interactions OA molecules host acceptor ternary blend. We demonstrate alkoxy‐OA having stronger self‐interactions would mitigate with acceptor, therefore alleviating kinetic diffusion excessive aggregation total Combining composite‐interlayer introducing phenyl‐substituted self‐assembled monolayer enhance doping polyoxometalate, an impressive efficiency 20.1 % is achieved accompanied negligible burn‐in loss against physical aging. study demonstrates validation towards high‐performance burn‐in‐free OPV.

Language: Английский

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Recent Progress in Dimerized Small-Molecular Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(7), P. 1630 - 1630

Published: April 6, 2025

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have witnessed significant advancements in recent years, largely propelled by innovations material design and device engineering. Among the emerging materials, dimerized small-molecule acceptors (DSMAs) garnered considerable attention due to their unique advantages. For instance, DSMAs can directly inherit excellent optoelectronic properties of corresponding monomers. Moreover, relatively larger molecular weight effectively suppress diffusion active layer, thereby enhancing stability OSCs. Compared polymer acceptors, a well-defined structure, which is free from batch-to-batch variability, greatly reproducibility devices. This review comprehensively summarizes progress for OSCs, with focus on two primary linkage configurations: conjugative non-conjugative connections. Additionally, impact various connection positions (including core-unit, end-group, side-chain sites) packing, properties, performance systematically reviewed. The highlights critical role addressing key challenges such as photodegradation morphological instability, while balancing power conversion efficiency long-term stability. By consolidating breakthroughs identifying future research directions, this work aims provide valuable insights into rational DSMAs, paving way development high-performance commercially viable

Language: Английский

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Functionalized π-Bridges in Dimerized Acceptors Enable High-Performance Organic Solar Cells

Nano Energy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111085 - 111085

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Modulating Aggregation Behavior by Ternary Strategies for Efficient and Stable Thick‐Film Organic Solar Cells

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 12, 2024

Abstract Functional third components targeted to improve a specific property of organic solar cells is an effective strategy. However, introducing component simultaneously efficiency and stability achieve good performance in thick‐film devices has rarely been reported. Herein, low diffusion IDCN ID2CN are reported power conversion (PCE) 18.08% high short‐circuit current ( J SC ) 27.82 mA cm −2 , one the highest values based on PM6:Y6. They increase light harvesting range 400–500 nm while enhancing energy transfer via Förster resonance (FRET). A tightly ordered molecular arrangement achieved by modulating preaggregation film formation kinetics Y6, which enhance exciton dissociation charge transport. Moreover, low‐diffusion can effectively restrict Y6 morphology stability, T 90 lifetime increased from 689 1545 h. In 300 devices, PM6:ID2CN:Y6 achieves PCE 15.01%, much higher than PM6:Y6's 12.83%, demonstrating great potential devices.

Language: Английский

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Correlation of Dimer-Linker-Induced Conformational Lock with Nonradiative Energy Loss in Organic Solar Cells

ACS Energy Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 5541 - 5549

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

The efficiencies of dimer-based devices still lag those their small molecule-based counterparts. This is primarily due to the considerable dihedrals in dimer skeleton, which compromises molecular packing, thus influencing charge generation and nonradiative voltage loss (ΔVoc,nr). Herein, we developed two dimeric acceptors with varied π-linkers investigate influence linker-induced conformational lock on ΔVoc,nr. We find that helically lapped O-shaped delivers better intermolecular packing than planar S-shaped one incorporates a bulkier π-linker. However, its skeleton instead more favorable for forming compact ordered stacking host acceptor ternary blend. possibly promotes exciton dissociation, reducing decay excited states. Moreover, longer lifetime could offer additional charge-transfer channels. These contributions effectively minimize ΔVoc,nr 0.195 eV, while delivering high efficiency approaching 20% derived device.

Language: Английский

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Conjugated Side‐Chains Optimize Giant Acceptor Compatibility with Low‐Cost Polymer Donor to Overcome the Cost‐Efficiency‐Stability Trilemma in Polymer Solar Cells

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 7, 2025

Abstract Polymer solar cells (PSCs) rely on blends of small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) and polymer donors, but the thermodynamic relaxation SMAs requires an oligomeric approach to enhance operational stability. However, high‐efficiency devices often depend expensive synthesis costly posing a significant barrier achieving sustainable renewable energy. Here, challenge is addressed through thermodynamically derived compatibility giant with low‐cost donor PTQ10. This achieved by strategically employing conjugated side chains modulate dimerize acceptors, thereby precisely tuning their properties optimize compatibility. Our synthetic route avoids toxic reagents, halogenated solvents, harsh conditions. The dimer (DYBT) incorporating n ‐type linker enhances crystallinity, absorption, intramolecular superexchange coupling compared its p counterpart, achieves device efficiency 19.53%. Considering efficiency, stability, material cost, potential cost per kilowatt for PTQ10:DYBT 0.10 $ kW −1 , while most systems exceed 10 . These findings offer valuable insights cost‐effective well pair donors reduce overall photo‐active layer durable

Language: Английский

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