This
Review
summarizes
recent
advancements
in
regulating
microenvironments
for
enhancing
CO2
conversion,
particularly
focusing
on
copper-based
catalysts,
which
are
crucial
transforming
to
valuable
chemicals
and
fuels.
We
discuss
strategies
microenvironment
regulation,
including
single-atom
catalyst
design,
particle
size/facets/morphology
control,
confinement
effects,
interfacial
engineering.
These
approaches
influence
the
efficiency
selectivity
of
conversion
by
optimizing
active
site
density,
controlling
reactant/intermediate
concentrations,
promoting
charge-transfer
processes.
highlight
importance
mass
transfer,
electrolyte
properties,
modifying
electrode
structures
improving
conversion.
Despite
significant
progress,
challenges
remain
electrocatalytically
achieving
high
current
densities
multicarbon
products,
developing
effective
quantify
contribution
catalytic
performance.
Future
research
will
focus
advanced
characterization
techniques,
exploring
novel
materials
synthesis
methods,
utilizing
machine
learning
theoretical
modeling
design
optimization.
Chemical Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
MIL-101(Cr)
composited
with
Pt/Pd
nanoalloy
exposing
the
{111}
facet
can
photocatalytically
convert
CO
2
to
C
H
4
,
while
one
{100}
has
no
such
capability,
demonstrating
importance
of
facets
in
photocatalytic
reduction.
Small,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
Abstract
Achieving
synergistic
oxidation
and
reduction
represents
a
significant
challenge
in
the
field
of
photocatalysis.
In
this
study,
hydrothermal/in
situ
construction
Bi
atom
clusters
within
2
Sn
O
7
/ZnIn
S
4
(BSO/ZIS)
heterostructures
is
reported.
These
exhibit
self‐accelerating
charge‐transfer
mechanisms
facilitated
by
internal
electric
fields
bonding
bridges,
resulting
highly
efficient
light
absorption
capabilities.
X‐ray
photoelectron
spectroscopy
(XPS)
Kelvin
probe
force
microscopy
(KPFM),
as
well
theoretical
calculations,
indicate
that
canonical
induction
promotion
electrons
holes
lowers
activation
energy
CHO*
generation,
allowing
simultaneous
CO
toluene
over
catalyst,
enhances
proton‐coupling
electron‐transfer
processes,
unique
reaction
mechanism.
The
reactant,
Bi‐Bi
(B‐BSO/ZIS)
heterostructure
achieves
rate
to
726.3
µmol
g
−1
h
(99.9%
selectivity)
benzaldehyde
2362.0
(98.0%
selectivity),
which
increases
activity
14.6
5.7
times
compared
pristine
ZnIn
.
This
study
underscores
significance
modulating
photocatalytic
pathway
through
strategic
selection
metal
reactants,
contributing
rational
design
photocatalysts
for
enhanced
adsorption
stabilization
*H.
Hydrothermally
produced
Cu-doped
two-dimensional
(2D)
Bi2MoO6
nanoribbon/rGO
composite
is
explored
as
the
photocatalyst
for
selective
reduction
of
CO2
to
ethanol.
In
particular,
role
Cu
doping
rGO-supported
on
C2
product
selectivity
investigated.
Long
nanoribbon-type
pristine
2D-Bi2MoO6,
2D-Bi2MoO6
nanoribbon/rGO,
and
that
doped
with
varying
weight
percentages
copper
(Cu)
are
synthesized
characterized
by
XRD,
FTIR,
UV–vis
spectroscopy,
photoluminescence
X-ray
photoelectron
SEM,
TEM,
EDX,
EIS,
BET
analyses.
Among
all
photocatalysts,
optimum
2
wt
%
exhibiting
an
enhanced
absorption
edge
visible
light
at
730
nm,
smallest
band
gap
2.02
eV,
lowest
rate
electron–hole
pair
recombination,
improved
charge
transport
offers
highest
photocatalytic
activity
(133.10
μmol
gcat.–1
h–1)
100%
ethanol
production.
Absence
either
or
rGO
leads
formation
a
mixture
methanol
separates
photoexcited
electrons
holes
establishes
electron-rich
interface
rGO-Cu
junction
2%Cu-doped
photocatalyst,
facilitating
high
adsorption.
serves
trap
catch
more
electrons.
Electrons
from
Mo
Bi
atoms
(of
Bi2MoO6)
drawn
C
2p
rGO)
3d
orbitals.
enhances
thickened
electron
cloud
(drawn
Bi)
surface
C(rGO)-Cu,
which
facilitates
adsorption
reduction.
The
Mo–C–Cu/Mo–O–Cu
bridge
formed
upon
effectively
reduces
distance
photogenerated
recombination
stabilize
intermediate
radicals
such
·CO
transfer
abundant
tapping
sites
formation.
2%
in
yield
production
2.26
times
compared
nanoribbon/rGO.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 9, 2025
Photo/electro-catalytic
CO2
reduction
into
high-value
products
are
promising
strategies
for
addressing
both
environmental
problems
and
energy
crisis.
Duo
to
their
advantageous
visible
light
absorption
ability,
adjustable
optic/electronic
properties,
definite
active
center,
post-modification
capability,
excellent
stability,
porphyrin-based
covalent
organic
frameworks
(COFs)
have
emerged
as
attractive
photo/electro-catalysts
towards
reduction.
In
this
review,
the
research
progress
of
COFs
photo/electro-catalytic
is
summarized
including
design
principles,
catalytic
performance,
reaction
mechanism.
addition,
review
also
presents
some
challenges
prospects
application
in
reduction,
laying
base
fundamental
efforts.
Angewandte Chemie,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 9, 2025
Abstract
Photo/electro‐catalytic
CO
2
reduction
into
high‐value
products
are
promising
strategies
for
addressing
both
environmental
problems
and
energy
crisis.
Duo
to
their
advantageous
visible
light
absorption
ability,
adjustable
optic/electronic
properties,
definite
active
center,
post‐modification
capability,
excellent
stability,
porphyrin‐based
covalent
organic
frameworks
(COFs)
have
emerged
as
attractive
photo/electro‐catalysts
towards
reduction.
In
this
review,
the
research
progress
of
COFs
photo/electro‐catalytic
is
summarized
including
design
principles,
catalytic
performance,
reaction
mechanism.
addition,
review
also
presents
some
challenges
prospects
application
in
reduction,
laying
base
fundamental
efforts.
