Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Nanoscintillators for X‐Ray‐Induced Photodynamic Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Abstract X‐ray induced photodynamic therapy (X‐PDT) leverages penetrating to generate singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) for treating deep‐seated tumors. However, conventional X‐PDT typically relies on heavy metal inorganic scintillators and organic photosensitizers produce , which presents challenges related toxicity energy conversion efficiency. In this study, highly biocompatible phosphorescent nanoscintillators based hydrogen‐bonded frameworks (HOF) are designed engineered, termed BPT‐HOF@PEG, enhance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. BPT‐HOF@PEG functions simultaneously as both scintillator photosensitizer, effectively absorbing transferring abundant . Both vitro vivo investigations demonstrate that internalized efficiently produces significant quantities of upon irradiation. Additionally, exposure directly inflicts DNA damage, the synergistic effects these mechanisms result pronounced cell death substantial tumor growth inhibition, with a inhibition rate up 90.4% assessments. RNA sequencing analyses reveal induces apoptosis Hepa1‐6 cells while inhibiting proliferation, culminating death. Therefore, work highlights considerable potential efficient HOF nanoscintillators‐based promising therapeutic approach HCC, providing effective alternative negligible patients unresectable

Language: Английский

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Effective One‐for‐All Phototheranostic Agent for Hypoxia‐Tolerant NIR‐II Fluorescent/PA Image‐Guided Phototherapy

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Near-infrared (NIR)-triggered type-I photosensitizers are crucial to address the constraints of hypoxic tumor microenvironments in phototherapy; however, significant challenges remain. By selecting an electron-deficient unit, a matched energy gap upper-level state is instrumental boosting efficiency intersystem crossing for electron transfer process. 2-Cyanothiazole, acceptor, covalently linked with N, N-diphenyl-4-(thiophen-2-yl)aniline yield multifunctional photosensitizer (TTNH) that exhibits intrinsic NIR absorbance and compatible T2 levels, facilitating both radiative nonradiative transitions. The prepared nanoparticles (TTNH NPs) assembled from TTNH activated by 808 nm laser generated O2•- hypoxia-tolerant photodynamic therapy under normoxia conditions. NPs emitted NIR-II fluorescence impressive quantum 2.08%. With high photothermal conversion 51.8% stimulation, exhibit performance, accompanied enhanced photoacoustic imaging capability owing their strong absorption. These characteristics make effective NIR-wavelength-triggered phototheranostic agent outperforms fluorescence/photoacoustic dual-model imaging-guided therapy/photothermal against tumors. This results provide valuable insight developing high-performance NIR-II-emissive superoxide radical agents.

Language: Английский

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Highly Efficient and Universal Degradation of PD‐L1 via Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Evoked by Cationic AIE‐Active Photosensitizers for Cancer Immunotherapy

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Abstract The blockade of interactions between programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on cancer cell surfaces and death‐1 (PD‐1) receptors T cells is a crucial strategy in immunotherapy. However, the continuous replenishment PD‐L1 from intracellular stores presents significant challenge that undermines therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, effective downregulation essential for improving treatment outcomes. In this study, novel approach utilizes mitochondrial oxidative stress to achieve highly efficient universal degradation presented. A cationic aggregation‐induced emission‐active photosensitizer, DPA‐B‐YP + , which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light activation induce demand developed. Compared traditional high‐performance degraders such as metformin berberine, ROS‐induced by demonstrates superior efficiency broader applicability across various tumor types. Mechanistic studies reveal occurs via AMPK‐ubiquitination pathway. Furthermore, murine immunogenic “cold” model, effectively degrades significantly enhances CD8 cell‐mediated immune responses activation, without need additional drugs or adjuvants. These findings present material degradation, contributing advancements

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in near-infrared organic photosensitizers for photodynamic cancer therapy

Biomaterials Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

This minireview highlights recent developments in near-infrared organic photosensitizers for photodynamic cancer therapy. The challenges and future prospects of this promising research field are also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Near‐Infrared Multiple‐Resonance Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon as Type I Photosensitizer Toward High‐Performance Synergistic Phototherapy

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Abstract Type I photosensitization is of particular significance in the anaerobic tumor treatment. Nonetheless, development high‐performance type photosensitizers (PSs) remains challenging, due to weak absorption and inefficient intersystem crossing (ISC) progress. Herein, an effective approach toward a near‐infrared (NIR) PS ( NIR‐BN ) demonstrated using boron/nitrogen‐embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with multiple‐resonance (MR) character, for first time. A small singlet‐triplet splitting (Δ E ST = 0.09 eV) high molar extinction coefficient (3.3 × 10 4 M −1 cm NIR MR‐configured supports efficient ISC triplet sensitization. The distorted molecular configurations induce multi‐model structural relaxations after optical excitation, resulting remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency exceeding 50% nanoparticles. Of note, nanoparticles are capable generating highly toxic superoxide anion radical (O 2 •− under 660 nm laser irradiation, benefiting from vigorous intramolecular dihedral angle vibrations excited states. Consequently, biocompatible demonstrates superior performance vivo synergistic photodynamic therapies.

Language: Английский

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Near-Infrared Light Activatable Iridium(III) Complexes for Synergistic Photodynamic and Photochemotherapy

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

NIR activatable, self-degradable iridium( iii )–dithiocarbamate–cyanine complexes were synthesized. They act as type I and II PDT agent at ultra-low-power irradiation high laser power, they exhibited photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT).

Language: Английский

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Albumin Modulated Homodimer as an Efficient Photosensitizer for Long‐Term Imaging‐Guided Tumor Therapy Directed with Sunlight Irradiation

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2025

Abstract The reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification caused by inevitable plasma albumin encapsulation is still a challenge to circumvent the systemic adverse effects in photodynamic therapy (PDT) process. Herein, disulfide bond linked homodimer, Cy1280, which modulated accurately balance fluorescence and ROS generation exhibit weak sealed PDT effect during blood circulation, exploited. Cy1280 can be specifically internalized dispersed at tumor site via Organic Anion Transporter Proteins (OATPs) thiol‐disulfide exchange mediated synergistic uptake activated after mild sunlight irradiation (100 ± 5 Klx) sensitize neighboring cellular mitochondria execute direct protein dysfunction effect. dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) facilitates prolonged sustained retention tumors (>336 h) demonstrates efficacy of imaging‐guided solid‐tumor tumor‐bearing BALB/C mice. This study resolves stubborn impotent penetration bulky‐sized nanoparticles high interstitial pressure with manner, long‐term circulation manipulated also improve whole body phototoxic symptom. advantageous feature provides promising candidate for overcoming off‐target phototoxicity inadequate accumulation challenges clinical translation photosensitizers (PSs).

Language: Английский

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808 nm Light-Triggered Cyanine-Decorated Iridium(III) Complexes for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy in Deep-Tissue

Inorganic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 11, 2025

Acute bacterial skin and structure infections (ABSSSIs) pose significant global health challenges, exacerbated by rising antibiotic resistance. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has emerged as a promising strategy to combat these utilizing photosensitizer (PS) that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light activation. However, the limited tissue penetration of conventional organic PSs, which primarily absorb in UV-vis spectra, hindered their therapeutic potential for deeper infections. Herein, we introduce novel iridium(III)-cyanine complex (Ir-cy) with strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption at 814 nm (up 101 red-shifted from previous reports), specifically designed enhance APDT. Under 808 laser irradiation, Ir-cy demonstrated substantial ROS generation capacity, achieving approximately 70% reduction Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonies depth 7.2 mm within simulated model. Comprehensive vitro vivo evaluations further confirmed its potent antibacterial efficacy against S. while maintaining excellent biocompatibility. These findings highlight highly effective NIR-active PS, paving way advanced strategies targeting deep-tissue ABSSSIs through optimized

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances for Synthesis and Bioapplications of Polymethine Cyanines

Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 11, 2025

Abstract Polymethine cyanine dyes have witnessed significant advancements in bioimaging and phototherapy due to their optical properties ease of modification. This review categorizes introduces typical synthesis Cy3, Cy5, Cy7 longer polymethine dyes, highlights organic‐specific in‐cell cyanines via the newly‐established pseudo‐trimerization method using a single exogenous precursor activatable by visible light, free radicals or reactive oxygen species. Further discussions delve into functionalization strategies structure‐activity relationships summarizes bioapplications fluorescence imaging, multimodal assisted diagnosis treatments, aiming unlock full potential scientific research clinical translation.

Language: Английский

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Spin Manipulation Engineering of Photodynamic Intermediates: Magnetic Amplification of Oxyradicals Generation for Enhanced Antitumor Phototherapeutic Efficacy

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 13, 2025

Improving the photosensitization efficiency represents a critical challenge in photodynamic therapy (PDT) research. While cyanines exhibit potential as photosensitizers (PSs) due to their large extinction coefficients and excellent biocompatibility, inherent limitations intersystem crossing severely affect therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we proposed bottom-up magnetically enhanced (magneto-PDT) paradigm employing fluorobenzene-substituted pentamethine cyanine type-I reactive oxygen species generators. Based on radical pair mechanism magnetic field effect, notable difference g-factors (Δg) between PSs oxyradicals enabled responsive amplification of Cy5-3,4,5-3F-mediated hydroxyl (•OH) superoxide anion (O2•-) production, achieving maximum yield enhancements 66.9 28.0% respectively at 500 mT. This augmented generation exhibited universal cytotoxicity superiority over conventional PDT protocols various cancer cell models. Notably, semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells demonstrated remarkable reduction under both normoxic hypoxic conditions, with most pronounced decrease observed normoxia from 0.91 μM (PDT alone) 0.38 (magneto-PDT). The significantly magneto-enhanced performance effectively inhibited orthotopic tumor growth. magneto-PDT established novel strategy for manipulating spin-dependent processes biological applications.

Language: Английский

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