Astrocytes and Tinnitus DOI Creative Commons
Paola Perin, Roberto Pizzala

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 1213 - 1213

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Tinnitus is correlated with anomalies of neural plasticity and has been found to be affected by inflammatory status. The current theories on tinnitus, although still somewhat incomplete, are based maladaptive mechanisms. Astrocytes play a major role in both responses inflammation regulation; moreover, they have recently discovered encode “context” for neuronal circuits, which similar the “expectation” Bayesian brain models. Therefore, this narrative review explores possible likely roles astrocytes mechanisms leading acute chronic tinnitus.

Language: Английский

A quantitative analysis of bestrophin 1 cellular localization in mouse cerebral cortex DOI Creative Commons
Michael Di Palma, Wuhyun Koh, C. Justin Lee

et al.

Acta Physiologica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Calcium-activated ligand-gated chloride channels, beyond their role in maintaining anion homeostasis, modulate neuronal excitability by facilitating nonvesicular neurotransmitter release. BEST1, a key member of this family, is permeable to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. While astrocytic BEST1 well-studied known regulate levels, its distribution other brain cell types remain unclear. This study aimed reassess the localization mouse cerebral cortex.

Language: Английский

Citations

4

Physiology of neuroglia of the central nervous system DOI
Alexei Verkhratsky, Alexey Semyanov

Handbook of clinical neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 69 - 91

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Neuroglia in leukodystrophies DOI
Elly M. Hol,

Werner Dykstra,

J. Chevalier

et al.

Handbook of clinical neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 159 - 175

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Glutathione Metabolism of the Brain—The Role of Astrocytes DOI Creative Commons
Ralf Dringen, Christian Arend

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 169(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Astrocytes have essential functions in the brain as partners of neurons many metabolic and homeostatic processes. The metabolism tripeptide GSH (γ‐L‐glutamyl‐L‐cysteinyl‐glycine) is an important example a interaction between astrocytes neurons. present cells millimolar concentrations has antioxidant substrate for detoxification reactions. A high content protects against oxidative stress toxins therefore beneficial astrocytic self‐defense that helps to maintain will enable eliminate potential before they may reach other cells. In addition, provide with amino acids required synthesis process involves export from by multidrug resistance protein 1, extracellular processing via γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase generate dipeptide cysteinyl‐glycine, cleavage this neuronal ectopeptidase aminopeptidase N. As strongly depends on cytosolic concentration, also facilitate release thereby supply precursors neighboring article, we give overview current knowledge astrocytes, address how can help functions, discuss open questions future perspectives research healthy diseased brain. image

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Neuroglial Advances: New Roles for Established Players DOI
Alexei Verkhratsky, Baoman Li, Jianqin Niu

et al.

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 169(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Neuroglial cells perform numerous physiological functions and contribute to the pathogenesis of all diseases nervous system. neuroprotection defines resilience tissue exo‐ endogenous pathological challenges, while neuroglial defence determines progression outcome neurological disorders. IN this paper, we overview previously unknown but recently discovered roles various types in diverse processes. First, describe role ependymal glia regulation cerebrospinal fluid flow from spinal cord peripheral tissues through nerves. This newly pathway provides a highway for CNS–body volume transmission. Next, present mechanism by which astrocytes control migration differentiation oligodendrocyte precursor (OPCs). In pre‐ early postnatal CNS, OPCs migrate using vasculature (which is yet free limitans perivascularis) as pathfinder. Newly forming astrocytic perivascular endfeet signal (through semaphorin‐plexin cascade) that detach vessels start differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. We continue astrocyte theme demonstrating neuroprotective APOE‐laden extracellular vesicles neuromyelitis optica. explore link between morphology stress‐induced depression. discuss critical ezrin, cytosolic linker defining terminal arborisation stress: overexpression ezrin prefrontal cortical makes mice resistant stress, whereas knockdown increases animals vulnerability stress. Subsequently, highlight pathophysiological oligodendroglial lineage schizophrenia describing novel hypertrophied post‐mortem patient's mouse model with overexpressing alternative splice variant DISC1‐Δ3. These DISC1‐Δ3‐OPCs demonstrated overactivated Wnt/β‐catenin signalling were sufficient trigger behaviours. Finally, deliberate on microglial connexin 43 hemichannels Alzheimer's disease new formula Cx43 hemichannel inhibitor increased blood–brain barrier penetration brain retention. image

Language: Английский

Citations

0

Astrocytes and Tinnitus DOI Creative Commons
Paola Perin, Roberto Pizzala

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 1213 - 1213

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Tinnitus is correlated with anomalies of neural plasticity and has been found to be affected by inflammatory status. The current theories on tinnitus, although still somewhat incomplete, are based maladaptive mechanisms. Astrocytes play a major role in both responses inflammation regulation; moreover, they have recently discovered encode “context” for neuronal circuits, which similar the “expectation” Bayesian brain models. Therefore, this narrative review explores possible likely roles astrocytes mechanisms leading acute chronic tinnitus.

Language: Английский

Citations

0