Dual roles of glycine betaine (GB), dimethylglycine, and sarcosine as osmoprotectants and nutrient sources forVibrio natriegens

Published: March 18, 2025

ABSTRACT Bacteria respond to osmotic stress by intracellularly accumulating low molecular weight compounds called compatible solutes (CS), also known as osmolytes. Glycine betaine ( N , -trimethylglycine, GB) is a highly effective and widely available osmolyte used bacteria, algae, plants for abiotic protection. Here, we highlight the dual roles of GB, dimethyl glycine (DMG), sarcosine both osmoprotection less role sole carbon sources. First, showed that marine halophile Vibrio natriegens can grow in 1% 7% NaCl biosynthesize ectoine, glutamate, imported DMG, response stress. Betaine-carnitine-choline transporters (BCCTs) uptake GB but not sarcosine, were identified. Bioinformatics analyses uncovered homologs catabolism genes dgcAB_fixAB, gbcA, gbcB, purU, soxBDAG, glyA, glxA ) clustered V. genome these had limited distribution among vibrios. We ATCC 14048 grew on sources gbcA dgcA required growth. A contiguous cluster was present subset fluvialis strains, demonstrated growth 2013V-1197 DMG Phylogenetic analysis revealed did share common ancestor members family Vibrionaceae . IMPORTANCE Compatible are frequently most concentrated organic components organisms allowing them adapt high saline environments well affording protection other stresses. These significant energy stores have been overlooked their potential abundant nutrient bacteria. Our study characterized efficient use halophilic

Language: Английский

Dual roles of glycine betaine, dimethylglycine, and sarcosine as osmoprotectants and nutrient sources for Vibrio natriegens

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 23, 2025

ABSTRACT Bacteria respond to osmotic stress by intracellularly accumulating low molecular weight compounds called compatible solutes, also known as osmolytes. Glycine betaine ( N , -trimethylglycine, GB) is a highly effective and widely available osmolyte used bacteria, algae, plants for abiotic protection. Here, we highlight the dual roles of GB, dimethyl glycine (DMG), sarcosine both osmoprotection less role sole carbon sources. First, showed that marine halophile Vibrio natriegens can grow in 1% 7% NaCl biosynthesize ectoine, glutamate import DMG, response stress. Betaine-carnitine-choline transporters (BCCTs) uptake GB but not sarcosine, were identified. Bioinformatics analyses uncovered homologs catabolism genes dgcAB_fixAB, gbcA, gbcB, purU, soxBDAG, glyA, glxA ) clustered V. genome, these had limited distribution among vibrios. We ATCC 14048 grew on sources, gbcA dgcA required growth. A contiguous cluster was present subset fluvialis strains, demonstrated growth 2013V-1197 DMG Phylogenetic analysis revealed did share common ancestor members family Vibrionaceae . IMPORTANCE Compatible solutes are frequently most concentrated organic components organisms, allowing them adapt high saline environments well affording protection other stresses. These significant energy stores have been overlooked their potential abundant nutrient sources bacteria. Our study characterized (GB), efficient use halophilic

Language: Английский