Macromolecular Bioscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(12)
Published: Aug. 11, 2023
Cytokines
can
coordinate
robust
immune
responses,
holding
great
promise
as
therapeutics
against
infections,
autoimmune
diseases,
and
cancers.
In
cancer
treatment,
numerous
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
have
displayed
promising
efficacy
in
preclinical
studies.
However,
their
clinical
application
is
hindered
by
poor
pharmacokinetics,
significant
toxicity
unsatisfactory
anticancer
efficacy.
Thus,
while
IFN-α
IL-2
are
approved
for
specific
treatments,
other
still
remain
subject
of
intense
investigation.
To
accelerate
the
immunotherapeutics,
strategies
need
to
be
directed
improve
safety
performance.
this
regard,
delivery
systems
could
used
generate
innovative
therapies
targeting
or
nucleic
acids,
such
DNA
mRNA,
encoding
tumor
tissues.
This
review
centers
on
these
cytokines,
summarizing
key
approaches,
gene
protein
delivery,
critically
examining
potential
challenges
translation.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
162, P. 114646 - 114646
Published: April 1, 2023
Extending
the
durability
of
response
is
current
focus
in
cancer
immunotherapy
with
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs).
However,
factors
like
non-immunogenic
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
along
aberrant
angiogenesis
and
dysregulated
metabolic
systems
are
negative
contributors.
Hypoxia
a
key
TME
condition
critical
promoter
hallmarks.
It
acts
on
non-immune
cells
within
order
for
promoting
evasion
therapy
resistance.
Extreme
hypoxia
major
resistance
to
programmed
death-1
(PD-1)/programmed
death-ligand
1
(PD-L1)
inhibitor
therapy.
inducible
factor-1
(HIF-1)
as
mediator
anti-PD-(L)1.
Targeting
or
HIF-1
can
thus
be
an
effective
strategy
reinvigoration
cellular
immunity
against
cancer.
Among
various
strategies
presented
so
far,
over
vascular
normalization,
which
approach
highly
reducing
rate
hypoxia,
increasing
drug
delivery
into
area,
boosting
efficacy
Cancer Biology & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: Feb. 22, 2024
While
the
emergence
of
immunotherapies
has
fundamentally
altered
management
solid
tumors,
cancers
exploit
many
complex
biological
mechanisms
that
result
in
resistance
to
these
agents.
These
encompass
a
broad
range
cellular
activities
-
from
modification
traditional
paradigms
immunity
via
antigen
presentation
and
immunoregulation
metabolic
modifications
manipulation
tumor
microenvironment.
Intervening
on
intricate
processes
may
provide
clinical
benefit
patients
with
tumors
by
overcoming
immunotherapies,
which
is
why
it
become
an
area
tremendous
research
interest
practice-changing
implications.
This
review
details
major
ways
avoid
both
natural
through
primary
(innate)
secondary
(acquired)
resistance,
considers
available
emerging
therapeutic
approaches
immunotherapy
resistance.
Cancer Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(15), P. 2934 - 2943
Published: March 17, 2022
Immunotherapy
using
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
is
the
current
focus
in
cancer
immunotherapy.
However,
issues
are
raised
area,
as
recent
studies
showed
that
such
therapeutic
modality
suffers
from
low
durability
and
or
no
efficacy
for
patients
with
some
tumor
types
including
cases
non-inflamed
cold
cancers.
Therefore,
efforts
have
been
made
to
solve
issue
combination
therapy,
use
of
immunocytokines.
The
ICI
interleukins
(ILs)
IL-targeting
agents
now
under
consideration
area
primary
results
promising.
this
review
discuss
possibility
ILs
drugs
immunotherapy
describing
advances
field
PEGylated
fusion
proteins.
key
reduce
adverse
events
increase
therapy.
Cell Reports Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(5), P. 101531 - 101531
Published: May 1, 2024
The
clinical
applications
of
immunocytokines
are
severely
restricted
by
dose-limiting
toxicities.
To
address
this
challenge,
here
we
propose
a
next-generation
immunocytokine
concept
involving
the
design
LH05,
tumor-conditional
anti-PD-L1/interleukin-15
(IL-15)
prodrug.
LH05
innovatively
masks
IL-15
with
steric
hindrance,
mitigating
"cytokine
sink"
effect
and
reducing
systemic
toxicities
associated
wild-type
anti-PD-L1/IL-15.
Moreover,
upon
specific
proteolytic
cleavage
within
tumor
microenvironment,
releases
an
active
superagonist,
exerting
potent
antitumor
effects.
Mechanistically,
efficacy
depends
on
increased
infiltration
CD8
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
27(3), P. 311 - 321
Published: Jan. 10, 2023
Abstract
Low
frequency
of
durable
responses
in
patients
treated
with
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
demands
for
taking
complementary
strategies
order
to
boost
against
cancer.
Transforming
growth
factor‐β
(TGF‐β)
is
a
multi‐tasking
cytokine
that
frequently
expressed
tumours
and
acts
as
critical
promoter
tumour
hallmarks.
TGF‐β
promotes
an
immunosuppressive
microenvironment
(TME)
defines
bypass
mechanism
the
ICI
therapy.
A
number
cells
within
stroma
are
influenced
from
activity.
There
also
evidence
relation
between
programmed
death‐ligand
1
(PD‐L1)
expression
TME,
it
influences
efficacy
anti‐programmed
death‐1
receptor
(PD‐1)
or
anti‐PD‐L1
Combination
anti‐PD(L)1
has
come
promising
outcomes,
clinical
trials
under
way
use
agents
bifunctional
capacity
fusion
proteins
bonding
traps
antibodies
aiming
at
reinvigorating
promoting
persistent
advanced
stage
cancers,
especially
immunologically
cold
ecosystem.
