An
efficient
heterogeneous
catalytic
system
for
the
[4+2]
annulation
reactions
between
tertiary
anilines
and
tetrahydrofuran
has
been
developed
based
on
CuCoFe
layered
double
oxide
in
study.
Cu+
species
was
believed
to
play
crucial
role
transformation,
synergistic
effect
Cu
CoFe
observed
reaction.
Various
could
be
tolerated
by
present
system.
A
series
of
control
experiments
were
conducted
determine
reaction
intermediates.
distinctive
mechanism
described
these
results
kinetic
isotopic
effects
experiments.
ChemBioEng Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 27, 2025
Abstract
In
recent
decades,
biodiesel
has
emerged
as
a
renewable
and
environmentally
benign
fuel
compared
with
its
fossil
counterpart.
From
an
industrial
perspective,
homogeneously‐catalyzed
transesterification
been
established
the
principal
method
for
synthesis
owing
to
moderate
reaction
conditions.
However,
homogeneous
catalysts
cannot
be
reused,
large
amounts
of
wastewater
accompany
their
separation
from
products,
making
production
process
detrimental
environment
contrary
sustainable
development
objectives.
This
grim
reality
confronting
green
can
avoided
by
using
heterogeneous
that
recycled
reused
several
times.
Metal
elements
have
played
crucial
role
in
such
catalysts.
These
species
are
readily
available
provide
solid
high
activity.
Due
significant
contribution
achieving
biodiesel,
this
paper
reviews
metallic
fabricating
functional
materials,
including
metal
oxides,
mixed
metal‐doped
porous
frameworks.
The
optimized
conditions
focused
on
reusability
were
reported
analyzed
each
class
Challenges
future
requirements
boosting
catalysts’
activity
also
discussed.
Leaching
active
sites
pore
blockage
primary
factors
reusability.
issues
could
minimized
supported
atoms
providing
stronger
bond
support,
utilizing
membrane
reactors
continuously
remove
products
mixture.
Applied Organometallic Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(3)
Published: Jan. 24, 2024
Development
of
a
new
and
sustainable
catalyst
is
necessary
to
the
society
for
providing
economical
technology.
Surface
modification
nanometal
oxides
one
rapidly
growing
methods
developing
with
attractive
properties
than
their
parent
oxide.
In
this
work,
surface‐modified
nickel
ferrites
have
been
carried
out
using
4,4′‐biphenyldisulfonic
acid
(BPDSA)
as
linker.
Thus,
obtained
modified
material
has
characterized
different
techniques
such
DLS,
FT‐IR,
TGA,
XRD,
VSM,
XPS.
This
well‐characterized,
stable,
robust,
recyclable
offers
good
conversion
in
fatty
acid,
that
is,
oleic
esterification
presence
methanol
short
period
time
(3.0
h).
Based
on
kinetic
study
esterification,
it
fits
pseudo
first‐order
kinetics,
activation
energy
was
found
be
60.0
kJ/mol.
Further,
potentiality
our
also
tested
transesterification
various
raw
materials
like
mustard
oil,
olive
almond
neem
oil.
addition,
provides
an
excellent
microalgae
lipid
extraction
production
biodiesel.
The
kinematic
viscosity
methyl
oleate
(biodiesel)
5.0426
mm
2
/s
at
25°C
whereas
dynamic
6.0511
mPa,
which
nearly
same
biodiesel
from
Dunaliella
salina
,
lipid.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
28(13), P. 5030 - 5030
Published: June 27, 2023
In
recent
years,
Web
of
Science
has
published
nearly
one
hundred
reports
per
year
on
quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,
which
have
attracted
great
interest
due
to
their
wide
applications
in
pharmaceutical
and
materials
fields,
especially
recyclable
heterogeneous
catalytic
reactions
for
direct
C–H
functionalisation.
This
review
summarises
the
first
time
methods
reaction
mechanisms
including
six
major
types
catalysts
involved.
The
quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones
are
summarised
by
classifying
different
(graphitic
phase
carbon
nitride,
MOF,
COF,
ion
exchange
resin,
piezoelectric
materials,
microsphere
catalysis).
addition,
this
discusses
future
development
construction
C-B/Si/P/RF/X/Se
bonds
reactions,
enrichment
such
as
metal
oxides,
graphene-based
composites,
doped
nanoparticles,
molecular
sieve-based
porous
asymmetric
synthesis,
other
areas.
aim
is
contribute
green
sustainable
with
chemistry
pharmacology.
Engineering Technology & Applied Science Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 13751 - 13756
Published: April 2, 2024
The
present
study
investigates
the
efficiency
of
magnesium
oxide
(MgO)
as
a
heterogeneous
catalyst
in
production
biodiesel
from
waste
cooking
oil
(WCO),
putting
an
emphasis
on
its
environmental
benefits,
cost-effectiveness,
and
operational
efficacy.
Through
series
experiments,
we
optimized
reaction
conditions,
including
concentration,
temperature,
ethanol
to
WCO
molar
ratio,
achieve
high
yield.
results
indicate
that
optimal
MgO
concentration
3
wt%,
temperature
65
°C,
ratio
9:1
result
highest
efficiency.
Additionally,
demonstrated
significant
reusability
without
decrease
performance,
underscoring
economic
advantages.
Comparative
analysis
revealed
outperforms
conventional
KOH
catalysts
terms
yield,
purity,
sustainability.
Our
suggests
future
research
directions,
optimization
preparation
methods
exploration
co-catalyst
systems
further
enhance
WCO.
This
contributes
development
sustainable
methods,
aligning
with
global
energy
goals.
