Journal of Neurochemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 20, 2024
Abstract
The
nucleus
of
the
solitary
tract
(NTS)
receives
direct
viscerosensory
vagal
afferent
input
that
drives
autonomic
reflexes,
neuroendocrine
function
and
modulates
behaviour.
A
subpopulation
NTS
neurons
project
to
accumbens
(NAc);
however,
this
NTS‐NAc
pathway
remains
unknown.
combination
neuroanatomical
tracing,
slice
electrophysiology
fibre
photometry
was
used
in
mice
and/or
rats
determine
how
fit
within
network.
projection
are
predominantly
located
medial
caudal
portions
with
54
±
7%
(mice)
65
3%
(rat)
being
TH‐positive,
representing
A2
cell
group.
In
horizontal
brainstem
slices,
(ST)
stimulation
evoked
excitatory
post‐synaptic
currents
(EPSCs)
neurons.
majority
(75%)
received
low‐jitter,
zero‐failure
EPSCs
characteristic
monosynaptic
ST
identifies
them
as
second
order
primary
sensory
We
then
examined
whether
respond
cholecystokinin
(CCK,
20
μg/kg
ip)
vivo
both
rats.
Surprisingly,
there
no
difference
number
activated
cells
between
CCK
saline‐treated
mice.
rats,
just
6%
were
recruited
by
CCK.
As
TH
source
for
NAc
noradrenaline,
we
measured
noradrenaline
release
showed
levels
declined
response
cue‐induced
reward
retrieval
but
not
foot
shock.
Combined,
these
findings
suggest
high‐fidelity
information
from
afferents
reaches
NAc.
These
signals
likely
unrelated
CCK‐sensitive
could
interact
other
higher
inputs
modulate
learned
appetitive
behaviours.
image
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
1(1)
Published: Oct. 16, 2024
The
present
study
aims
to
elucidate
the
involvement
of
Nucleus
Solitary
Tract
(NST)
in
opioid-induced
heart
rate
(HR)
changes
absence
nociceptive
input
across
different
behavioral
states,
including
wakefulness
(W)
and
slow-wave
sleep
(SWS),
given
clinical
significance
parasympathomimetic
effects
opioids.
Three
adult
cats
with
a
stereotactic-guided
implanted
cannula
aimed
at
NST
electrodes
for
electroencephalogram
(EEG),
electromyogram
(EMG),
electrooculogram
(EOG)
identify
W-SWS
states
EKG
recordings
obtain
RR-intervals
were
used.
After
microinjections
saline,
morphine
sulphate,
morphiceptin
(mu-agonist),
D-pen-2-D-pen-5-enkephalin
(delta-agonist),
or
U-50488H
(kappa-agonist)
after
preceded
by
naloxone,
60-min
polygraph
obtained
"in
vivo".
60
min
administration
significantly
increased
(p
<
0.001)
(542
±
108
ms),
mu-agonist
(525
102
ms)
delta-agonist
(472
70
as
compared
saline
(429
68
three
substances
also
caused
an
EEG
synchronization
statistically
significant
increase
time
spent
SWS
0.05).
These
RR-interval
during
both
W
0.015)
0.001).
All
induced
blocked
prior
naloxone.
injection
kappa-agonist
was
not
followed
any
effect.
Therefore,
opioids,
activating
mu
delta
opioid
receptors
located
NST,
directly
stimulate
parasympathetic
component
HRindependently
on
EEG-behavioral
even
pain.
The Innovation,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(6), P. 100721 - 100721
Published: Oct. 21, 2024
Cough
is
a
vital
defensive
reflex
for
expelling
harmful
substances
from
the
airway.
The
sensory
afferents
cough
have
been
intensively
studied.
However,
brain
mechanisms
underlying
remain
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
developed
paradigm
to
quantitatively
measure
cough-like
reflexes
in
mice.
Using
this
paradigm,
found
that
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 20, 2024
Abstract
The
differences
in
metabolic
homeostasis,
diabetes,
and
obesity
between
males
females
are
evident
rodents
humans.
Vagal
sensory
neurons
the
vagus
nerve
ganglia
innervate
a
variety
of
visceral
organs
use
specialized
endings
to
sense
interoceptive
signals.
This
organ-brain
axis
plays
role
relaying
signals
higher
brain
centers
as
well
regulating
vago-vagal
reflex.
I
hypothesized
that
molecularly
distinct
populations
vagal
would
result
homeostasis
sexes.
Single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing
analysis
from
reveals
transcriptional
profiles
cells
ganglia.
These
linked
expression
sex-specific
genes
such
Xist,
Tsix
,
Ddx3y
.
Among
13
neuronal
clusters,
one-fourth
male
mice
located
-enriched
VN1
VN8
which
display
enrichment
Trpv1,
Piezo2,
Htr3a
Vip
genes.
In
contrast,
70%
found
Xist
clusters
VN4,
6,
7,
10,
11,
13,
show
enriched
Fgfr1,
Lpar1,
Cpe,
Esr1,
Nrg1,
Egfr
Oprm1
Two
satellite
identified,
one
contains
some
oligodendrocyte
precursor
cells.
A
small
population
express
Ucp1
Plin1
indicating
they
epineural
adipocytes.
Understanding
physiological
consequences
these
transcriptomic
on
energy
balance
help
develop
treatments
for
dysregulation.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
The
visceral
organ-brain
axis,
mediated
by
vagal
sensory
neurons
in
the
nerve
ganglion,
is
essential
for
maintaining
various
physiological
functions.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
impact
of
liver-projecting
on
energy
balance,
hepatic
steatosis,
and
anxiety-like
behavior
mice
under
obesogenic
conditions.
Journal of Neurochemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 20, 2024
Abstract
The
nucleus
of
the
solitary
tract
(NTS)
receives
direct
viscerosensory
vagal
afferent
input
that
drives
autonomic
reflexes,
neuroendocrine
function
and
modulates
behaviour.
A
subpopulation
NTS
neurons
project
to
accumbens
(NAc);
however,
this
NTS‐NAc
pathway
remains
unknown.
combination
neuroanatomical
tracing,
slice
electrophysiology
fibre
photometry
was
used
in
mice
and/or
rats
determine
how
fit
within
network.
projection
are
predominantly
located
medial
caudal
portions
with
54
±
7%
(mice)
65
3%
(rat)
being
TH‐positive,
representing
A2
cell
group.
In
horizontal
brainstem
slices,
(ST)
stimulation
evoked
excitatory
post‐synaptic
currents
(EPSCs)
neurons.
majority
(75%)
received
low‐jitter,
zero‐failure
EPSCs
characteristic
monosynaptic
ST
identifies
them
as
second
order
primary
sensory
We
then
examined
whether
respond
cholecystokinin
(CCK,
20
μg/kg
ip)
vivo
both
rats.
Surprisingly,
there
no
difference
number
activated
cells
between
CCK
saline‐treated
mice.
rats,
just
6%
were
recruited
by
CCK.
As
TH
source
for
NAc
noradrenaline,
we
measured
noradrenaline
release
showed
levels
declined
response
cue‐induced
reward
retrieval
but
not
foot
shock.
Combined,
these
findings
suggest
high‐fidelity
information
from
afferents
reaches
NAc.
These
signals
likely
unrelated
CCK‐sensitive
could
interact
other
higher
inputs
modulate
learned
appetitive
behaviours.
image
