Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(34)
Published: March 13, 2024
Abstract
The
proton
exchange
membrane
water
electrolysis
system
has
long
been
considered
a
promising
technique
for
the
generation
of
hydrogen
owing
to
its
high
electrolytic
efficiency,
reliability,
and
quick
response
renewable
energy
sources.
At
present,
noble
metals
their
oxides
(e.g.,
Pt,
IrO
2
,
RuO
)
are
widely
used
as
active
electrocatalysts
accelerating
conversion
efficiency
process,
especially
in
acidic
media.
Nevertheless,
scarcity
instability
seriously
impede
large‐scale
application
practice.
In
past
years,
metal‐organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
have
proven
be
an
ideal
platform
designing
efficient
cost‐effective
electrodes
due
unique
physicochemical
properties.
this
review,
fundamental
catalytic
mechanisms
evolution
reaction
(HER)
oxygen
(OER)
media
discussed
first.
Then,
design
strategies
advanced
characterizations
MOF‐based
water‐splitting
catalysts
summarized.
Finally,
recent
research
advances
HER
OER
electrolytes,
along
with
current
challenges
future
opportunities,
provided.
Small Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(5)
Published: April 5, 2023
High‐entropy
alloys
refer
to
near‐equimolar
of
five
or
more
elements
and
are
receiving
attention
due
their
unique
physical
chemical
properties.
In
electrocatalysis,
they
serve
as
active
sites
in
multiple
elements,
favoring
the
optimized
adsorption/desorption
property
toward
target
reaction.
nanomaterials
(HENMs)
attractive
candidates
electrocatalysts
by
taking
advantage
a
high
surface‐to‐volume
ratio
tailored
composition.
This
review
begins
with
concept
high‐entropy
materials
various
strategies
for
designing
electrocatalysts.
Then,
recent
advances
HENMs
applications
(water‐splitting
reaction,
carbon
dioxide
reduction
alcohol
oxidation
etc.)
introduced
catalytic
performances.
Finally,
based
on
current
status
challenging
aspects
future
insight
advanced
electrocatalysis
discussed
proposed.
ChemSusChem,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(15)
Published: March 12, 2024
The
development
of
advanced
electrolysis
technologies
such
as
anion
exchange
membrane
water
electrolyzer
(AEMWE)
is
central
to
the
vision
a
sustainable
energy
future.
Key
realization
AEMWE
technology
lies
in
exploration
low-cost
and
high-efficient
catalysts
for
facilitating
anodic
oxygen
evolution
reaction
(OER).
Despite
tremendous
efforts
fundamental
research,
most
today's
OER
works
are
conducted
under
room
temperature,
which
deviates
significantly
with
AEMWE's
operating
temperature
(50-80
°C).
To
bridge
this
gap,
it
highly
desirable
obtain
insights
into
catalytic
behavior
at
elevated
temperatures.
Herein,
using
well-known
perovskite
catalyst
Ba
Journal of Physics Energy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(2), P. 021502 - 021502
Published: Feb. 26, 2024
Abstract
Water
and
energy
are
two
strategic
drivers
of
sustainable
development,
intimately
interlaced
vital
for
a
secure
future
humanity.
Given
that
water
resources
limited,
whereas
global
population
demand
exponentially
growing,
the
competitive
balance
between
these
resources,
referred
to
as
water-energy
nexus,
is
receiving
renewed
focus.
The
desalination
industry
alleviates
stress
by
producing
freshwater
from
saline
sources,
such
seawater,
brackish
or
groundwater.
Since
last
decade,
market
has
been
dominated
membrane
technology,
offering
significant
advantages
over
thermal
processes,
lower
demand,
easy
process
control
scale-up,
modularity
flexible
productivity,
feasibility
synergic
integration
different
operations.
Although
seawater
reverse
osmosis
(SWRO)
accounts
more
than
70%
capacity,
it
circumscribed
some
technological
limitations,
as:
(i)
relatively
low
recovery
factor
(around
50%)
due
negative
impact
osmotic
polarization
phenomena;
(ii)
an
consumption
in
range
3–5
kWh
m
−3
,
still
far
theoretical
(1.1
)
produce
potable
(at
50%
factor).
Ultimately,
intensive
practice
research
efforts
oriented
toward
development
alternative
energy-efficient
approaches
order
enhance
without
placing
excessive
strain
on
limited
supplies.
Recent
years
have
seen
relevant
surge
interest
distillation
(MD),
thermally
driven
technology
having
potential
complement
SWRO
logic
Process
Intensification
Zero
Liquid
Discharge
paradigm.
Due
its
peculiar
transport
mechanism
negligibility
phenomena,
MD
allows
high-quality
distillate
production
(theoretically,
non-volatile
species
completely
rejected)
with
up
80%
at
operative
temperature
(typically
60
°C–80
°C).
temperatures
make
attractive
renewable
power
applications
(e.g.
solar
thermal,
wind
geothermal
sources)
efficient
exploitation
low-grade
waste
heat
streams,
efficiency
intrinsically
losses—and
specifically
polarization—has
so
hindered
application
industrial
scale.
Nowadays,
photothermal
materials
able
absorb
convert
natural
artificial
irradiation
into
gained
great
attention,
demonstrating
mitigate
‘anthropic’
input
inefficiencies.
On
this
road,
step-change
improvement
light-to-heat
conversion
expected
through
high-throughput
computational
screening
thermoplasmonic
based
electronic
optical
properties
advanced
including
novel
topological
phases
matter
used
nanofillers
polymeric
membranes.
Coherently
concept
Circular
Economy,
hypersaline
solutions
rejected
(referred
‘brine’)
now
subject
valorization
activities
along
main
routes:
(1)
valuable
minor
trace
metals
minerals,
special
focus
critical
raw
(including,
among
others,
Mg,
Na,
Ca,
K,
Sr,
Li,
Br,
B,
Rb);
(2)
salinity
gradient
(SGP)
resulting
Gibbs
mixing
(mainly
represented
entropic
contribution)
ionic
concentration.
exciting
new
frontier
mining
concentrates
accelerating
appearance
plethora
innovative
methods
brine
dehydration
selective
extraction
ions,
although
under
sword
Damocles
cost
reliable
commercial
application.
other
hand,
several
emerging
technologies,
electrodialysis
(SGP-RED)
was
already
proven
capable—at
least
kW
scale–of
turning
chemical
difference
river
water,
electrical
energy.
Efforts
develop
next
generation
ion
exchange
membranes
exhibiting
high
perm-selectivity
(especially
monovalent
ions)
resistance,
improve
system
engineering
optimize
operational
conditions,
pursue
goal
enhancing
density
achievable
(in
few
W
per
2
).
This
Roadmap
takes
form
series
short
contributions
written
independently
worldwide
experts
topic.
Collectively,
provide
comprehensive
picture
current
state
art
science
how
future.
In
addition,
acknowledges
challenges
advances
systems,
particularly
emphasizing
interplay
material
innovation
optimization,
which
collectively
contribute
advancing
field
within
nexus
framework.
Desalination and Water Treatment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
320, P. 100605 - 100605
Published: July 16, 2024
The
need
for
green
hydrogen
through
water
electrolysis
has
propelled
advancements
in
Anion
Exchange
Membranes
(AEMs),
positioning
them
as
key
components
AEM
systems.
This
review
paper
comprehensively
examines
various
commercial
AEMs,
focusing
on
their
properties,
stability,
and
performance
applications.
By
studying
the
characteristics
of
prominent
AEMs
such
Fumasep®
FAA-3
Series,
Tokuyama
A201
A901,
Sustainion®
X37–50,
PiperION®,
Aemion™,
Orion
TM1,
this
elucidates
correlation
between
membrane
properties
overall
performance.
Special
attention
is
given
to
stability
durability,
crucial
factors
long-term
operation.
Additionally,
compatibility
these
with
precious
metal-free
catalysts
explored,
highlighting
potential
application.
These
findings
emphasize
significance
advancing
efficiency
sustainability
technology.
presents
a
useful
source
scientists,
engineers,
industry
stakeholders
attempting
get
comprehension
technology,
while
also
identifying
avenues
future
research
development.
However,
studies
compare
same
testing
conditions,
focus
PGM-free
are
needed.
