Early Changes in Carbon Uptake and Partitioning Moderates Belowground Carbon Storage in a Perennial Grain DOI
Stella Woeltjen, Jacob M. Jungers, Anna M. Cates

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

There is increasing interest in perennial crops to build soil carbon (C) agricultural production systems, but the mechanisms underlying C accrual croplands remain unclear. Research that directly tracks intra-annual fluxes through crop-microbial-soil pools necessary evaluate capacity of over intra-decadal time periods. We conducted a 13C isotope-tracer study compare within-season uptake and partitioning patterns between 1-year-old (IWG-1) 2-year-old (IWG-2) novel grain crop, intermediate wheatgrass (IWG; Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth Dewey). compared these an annual spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop shoots, roots, soil, respired-C were sampled ten times 90-day chase period. also measured incorporation recently assimilated into microbial biomass (13C PLFA) functional groups first 7 days post-label application. IWG incorporated little new pools, with only average 12% 8% total IWG-1 IWG-2, almost 25% soil. Compared other cropping higher proportion was retained roots (14%) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, suggesting invests developing root-mycorrhizal networks during its year. By second year, very allocated belowground, 50% aboveground tissues remainder respired as CO2. expect changes are associated shift from acquisitive conservative growth strategy occurs years, which may substantially limit potential for rapid systems.

Language: Английский

Diversified grain rotations can be highly and reliably productive in unstable climates DOI Creative Commons
Patrick M. Ewing, Bee Khim Chim, R. Michael Lehman

et al.

Field Crops Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 310, P. 109361 - 109361

Published: April 1, 2024

The crop rotation is a farm-scale management choice that dictates agronomic output, ecological impacts, and farm viability. Rotations have become less diverse recently. Re-diversifying may help agricultural systems meet the growing, dynamic demands from society challenges climate change. Using long-term experiment, we tested whether diversified rotations could a) match productivity (grain yield) of simplified while b) stabilizing against variable weather in western U.S. Corn Belt. We identified design choices drive these productivity-stability dynamics. Although more productive were susceptible to (r = 0.63; p < 0.001), this tradeoff was surmountable (p 0.001): corn-oat-winter wheat-soybean (Zea mays L., Avena sativa Triticum aestivum Glycine max (L.) Merr.) no than highly unstable, corn-soybean 0.11); only marginally stable most 0.06). Crop selection sequencing critical outcome. High due overyielding individual crops increased with time; allow higher-yielding winter crops; c) beneficial legacy effects. Stability highest included belonging weather-niches (r2 0.67; 0.001). Surprisingly, groups did not correspond traditional categories like cool- vs warm-season crops. These results suggest four principles for design, study, implementation grain are under erratic as current standard practices.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Early changes in carbon uptake and partitioning moderate belowground carbon storage in a perennial grain DOI Creative Commons
Stella Woeltjen, Jacob M. Jungers, Anna M. Cates

et al.

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 370, P. 109033 - 109033

Published: May 3, 2024

There is increasing interest in perennial crops to build soil carbon (C), but the mechanisms underlying C accrual croplands remain unclear, especially over time first years of crop growth. To address this gap, research needed that directly tracks intra-annual fluxes through crop-microbial-soil pools, evaluating capacity intra-decadal periods. We conducted a 13C isotope-tracer study compare within-season uptake and partitioning patterns between 1-year-old (IWG-1) 2-year-old (IWG-2) stands novel grain crop, intermediate wheatgrass (IWG; Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth Dewey). compared these common annual spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop shoots, roots, soil, respired-C were sampled ten times 90-day chase period. also measured incorporation recently assimilated into microbial biomass (13C PLFA) functional groups 7 days post-label application. Overall, IWG-1 almost 1670 mg m−2 during period, nearly twice IWG-2 or wheat, neither IWG system retained significant amounts new soil. Rather, higher proportion was root tissues (14%) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi when other cropping systems, while 50% total aboveground tissues. expect shift from retention belowground root-mycorrhizal networks associated with an acquisitive conservative growth strategy occurs second production years. The observed potential change limited allocation as aged, adding valuable context our understanding why establishment seldom leads gains several following establishment.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Advances in Plant Phenotyping for Climate-Resilient Oilseeds Breeding DOI
P. Ratnakumar,

Krishna Kumar Jangid,

Anuja Gangurde

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Genetic and molecular insights into tiller development and approaches for crop yield improvement DOI Creative Commons
Zaid Chachar, Xiaoming Xue,

Junteng Fang

et al.

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 27, 2025

Tiller development is a critical factor in boosting agricultural productivity and securing global food security. This review offers comprehensive analysis of recent advancements enhancing crop yield through extensive research on tiller development, utilizing multi-faceted approach that includes quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, association studies, transcriptome across various crops. Extensive investigations have revealed complex genetic, molecular, environmental interactions influence this pivotal determinant. QTL mapping has pinpointed specific genomic regions associated with while genome-wide studies (GWAS) provided deeper insights into natural genetic variations within populations. Additionally, analyses offered dynamic view gene expression, shedding light molecular regulatory mechanisms govern tillering. The integration these multi-omics approaches enabled holistic understanding the process, identifying crucial expression patterns are key to optimizing Key genes such as TaMAX1, TaMOC1 , TN1 wheat, ZmTB1, ZmD14, ZmMOC1 maize, along MAX1 -like genes, OsMAX1, OsHAM2 rice been highlighted. Similar sugarcane identified like SoMAX2, SoMAX3 SoMAX4-1, SoMAX4-2 SoTB1 which regulate bud outgrowth Including involving hormonal control integrates pathway auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, coordinate plant responses internal external stimuli “These” discoveries essential for breeding engineering strategies aimed at developing varieties favorable tillering traits, ultimately potential.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax (Linum L.) DOI Creative Commons

Kenyon J. Nisbett,

Abida Alokozai,

Su Hyun Ko

et al.

Oil Crop Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 121 - 130

Published: May 1, 2024

Among plants, there is considerable variation in lifespan: annuals live less than one year, whereas perennials for several years, with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 years. As proposed by Disposable Soma Theory, this lifespan among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources, investing more nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to order ensure persistence over multiple seasons. Such may be particularly important during periods exogenous stress, which are known accelerate damage. The present study evaluated hypothesis using annual flax (Linum L.) subjected two stressors—increased oxidative stress (i.e., foliar H2O2 spraying) complete prolonged darkness. chlorophyll has been shown exhibit degradation response changes environmental conditions, we utilized levels after evaluate our hypotheses. We predicted that i) would a slower rate exposure stressors annuals, ii) faster resynthesis following such annuals. Chlorophyll before, during, both were measured separate trails, once image colour analysis spectrophotometry. While rates did not differ between perennials, contrary predictions, significantly higher as predicted. When darkness, lower predicted; however, when subsequently reintroduced natural photoperiod, consistently though they tended latter, Overall, illuminates evolutionary transitions life history strategies have accompanied physiological modifications dynamics permit species better maintain levels—and thus photosynthetic acquisition—in face stressors, underlies their capacity survive growing Future studies should explore whether other key biomolecules (e.g., proteins, DNA) also maintained especially stress.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Simulated exploration of parameter space and resource allocation for strategic creation of neo‐domestication breeding programs DOI
Nathan Fumia, Rosana Zenil‐Ferguson, Marnin Wolfe

et al.

Crop Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 3, 2024

Abstract Modern domestication efforts have occurred in a wide range of species. These led to different levels change from the initial wild populations and market success. In this study, we explore breeding cycle parameters understand rate potential starting points neo‐domestication programs. The design program that will bring new crop requires consideration cost efficiency resource allocation. More diversity on creates an opportunity types food systems can be tailored toward regional local security. Stochastic simulation gain variance is applied parameter combinations through cycle—crossing, evaluation, selection—to identify population level changes along continuum semi‐domestic plant simulated schemes differ phenotypic depending selection strategy type, discovering largest oligogenic traits occurring using recurrent for landrace orphan while choosing genomic populations. There were also differences based strategy, with maximum avoidance consistently leading lower gains but higher additive variance. Overall, when looking domesticate species, our simulations find most cost‐effective option lead early generations selection, marker technology being useful once plateaued.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Earthworm populations and diversity under annual and perennial wheat in a North to South gradient in Western Europe DOI
Alena Förster, Christophe David, Benjamin Dumont

et al.

European Journal of Soil Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 119, P. 103561 - 103561

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Early Changes in Carbon Uptake and Partitioning Moderates Belowground Carbon Storage in a Perennial Grain DOI
Stella Woeltjen, Jacob M. Jungers, Anna M. Cates

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

There is increasing interest in perennial crops to build soil carbon (C) agricultural production systems, but the mechanisms underlying C accrual croplands remain unclear. Research that directly tracks intra-annual fluxes through crop-microbial-soil pools necessary evaluate capacity of over intra-decadal time periods. We conducted a 13C isotope-tracer study compare within-season uptake and partitioning patterns between 1-year-old (IWG-1) 2-year-old (IWG-2) novel grain crop, intermediate wheatgrass (IWG; Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth Dewey). compared these an annual spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop shoots, roots, soil, respired-C were sampled ten times 90-day chase period. also measured incorporation recently assimilated into microbial biomass (13C PLFA) functional groups first 7 days post-label application. IWG incorporated little new pools, with only average 12% 8% total IWG-1 IWG-2, almost 25% soil. Compared other cropping higher proportion was retained roots (14%) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, suggesting invests developing root-mycorrhizal networks during its year. By second year, very allocated belowground, 50% aboveground tissues remainder respired as CO2. expect changes are associated shift from acquisitive conservative growth strategy occurs years, which may substantially limit potential for rapid systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

0