International Journal of Communication Systems,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
33(14)
Published: July 15, 2020
Summary
Internet
of
Things
(IoT)
is
an
ecosystem
that
can
improve
the
life
quality
humans
through
smart
services,
thereby
facilitating
everyday
tasks.
Connecting
to
cloud
and
utilizing
its
services
are
now
public
common,
experts
seek
find
some
ways
complete
computing
use
it
in
IoT,
which
next
decades
will
make
everything
online.
Fog
computing,
where
expands
edge
network,
one
way
achieve
objectives
delay
reduction,
immediate
processing,
network
congestion.
Since
IoT
devices
produce
variations
workloads
over
time,
application
experience
traffic
trace
fluctuations.
So
knowing
about
distribution
future
required
handle
workload
while
meeting
QoS
constraint.
As
a
result,
context
fog
main
objective
resource
management
dynamic
provisioning
such
avoids
excess
or
dearth
provisioning.
In
present
work,
we
first
propose
distributed
framework
for
autonomic
computing.
Then,
provide
customized
version
system
based
on
control
MAPE‐k
loop.
The
makes
reinforcement
learning
technique
as
decision
maker
planning
phase
support
vector
regression
analysis
phase.
At
end,
conduct
family
simulation‐based
experiments
assess
performance
our
introduced
system.
average
delay,
cost,
violation
decreased
by
1.95%,
11%,
5.1%,
respectively,
compared
with
existing
solutions.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
8(5), P. e09399 - e09399
Published: May 1, 2022
The
simplicity,
transparency,
reliability,
high
efficiency
and
robust
nature
of
PID
controllers
are
some
the
reasons
for
their
popularity
acceptance
control
in
process
industries
around
world
today.
Tuning
parameters
has
been
a
field
active
research
still
is.
primary
objectives
to
achieve
minimal
overshoot
steady
state
response
lesser
settling
time.
With
exception
two
popular
conventional
tuning
strategies
(Ziegler
Nichols
closed
loop
oscillation
Cohen-Coon's
reaction
curve)
several
other
methods
have
employed
tuning.
This
work
accords
thorough
review
state-of-the-art
classical
controller
using
metaheuristic
algorithms.
Methods
appraised
categorized
into
optimization
purposes.
Details
algorithms,
application,
equations
implementation
flowcharts/algorithms
presented.
Some
open
problems
future
also
major
goal
this
is
proffer
comprehensive
reference
source
researchers
scholars
working
on
controllers.
IEEE Access,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11, P. 12555 - 12586
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Fog
computing
has
emerged
as
a
paradigm
for
resource-restricted
Internet
of
things
(IoT)
devices
to
support
time-sensitive
and
computationally
intensive
applications.
Offloading
can
be
utilized
transfer
resource-intensive
tasks
from
resource-limited
end
resource-rich
fog
or
cloud
layer
reduce
end-to-end
latency
enhance
the
performance
system.
However,
this
advantage
is
still
challenging
achieve
in
systems
with
high
request
rate
because
it
leads
long
queues
nodes
reveals
inefficiencies
terms
delays.
In
regard,
reinforcement
learning
(RL)
well-known
method
addressing
such
decision-making
issues.
large-scale
wireless
networks,
both
action
state
spaces
are
complex
extremely
extensive.
Consequently,
techniques
may
not
able
identify
an
efficient
strategy
within
acceptable
time
frame.
Hence,
deep
(DRL)
was
developed
integrate
RL
(DL)
address
problem.
This
paper
presents
systematic
analysis
using
DRL
algorithms
offloading-related
issues
computing.
First,
taxonomy
offloading
mechanisms
based
on
divided
into
three
major
categories:
value-based,
policy-based,
hybrid-based
algorithms.
These
categories
were
then
compared
important
features,
including
problem
formulation,
techniques,
metrics,
evaluation
tools,
case
studies,
their
strengths
drawbacks,
directions,
mode,
SDN-based
architecture,
decisions.
Finally,
future
research
directions
open
discussed
thoroughly.
IEEE Access,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8, P. 81747 - 81764
Published: Jan. 1, 2020
With
the
widespread
usage
of
cloud
computing
to
benefit
from
its
services,
service
providers
have
invested
in
constructing
large
scale
data
centers.
Consequently,
a
tremendous
increase
energy
consumption
has
arisen
conjunction
with
results,
including
remarkable
rise
costs
operating
and
cooling
servers.
Besides,
increasing
significant
impact
on
environment
due
emissions
carbon
dioxide.
Dynamic
consolidation
Virtual
Machines
(VMs)
into
minimal
number
Physical
(PMs)
is
considered
as
one
magic
solutions
manage
power
consumption.
The
virtual
machine
placement
problem
critical
issue
for
good
VM
consolidation.
This
paper
proposes
Power-Aware
technique
depending
Particle
Swarm
Optimization
(PAPSO)
determine
near-optimal
migrated
VMs.
A
discrete
version
(PSO)
adopted
based
decimal
encoding
map
VMs
best
appropriate
PMs.
Furthermore,
an
effective
minimization
fitness
function
employed
reduce
without
violating
Service
Level
Agreement
(SLA).
Specifically,
PAPSO
consolidates
minimum
PMs
major
constraint
decrease
overloaded
hosts
much
possible.
Therefore,
migrations
can
be
reduced
drastically
by
taking
consideration
main
sources
migrations;
underloaded
ones.
implemented
CloudSim
experimental
results
random
workloads
different
sizes
show
that
does
not
violate
SLA
outperforms
Best
Fit
Decreasing
algorithm
(PABFD).
It
about
8.01%,
39.65%,
66.33%,
11.87%
average
terms
consumed
energy,
migrations,
host
shutdowns
combined
metric
Energy
Violation
(ESV),
respectively.
IEEE Systems Journal,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
16(2), P. 3163 - 3174
Published: July 20, 2021
To
facilitate
cost-effective
and
elastic
computing
benefits
to
the
cloud
users,
energy-efficient
secure
allocation
of
virtual
machines
(VMs)
plays
a
significant
role
at
data
centre.
The
inefficient
VM
Placement
(VMP)
sharing
common
physical
among
multiple
users
leads
resource
wastage,
excessive
power
consumption,
increased
inter-communication
cost
security
breaches.
address
aforementioned
challenges,
novel
multi-objective
machine
placement
(SM-VMP)
framework
is
proposed
with
an
efficient
migration.
ensures
distribution
resources
VMs
that
emphasizes
timely
execution
user
application
by
reducing
delay.
VMP
carried
out
applying
Whale
Optimization
Genetic
Algorithm
(WOGA),
inspired
whale
evolutionary
optimization
non-dominated
sorting
based
genetic
algorithms.
performance
evaluation
for
static
dynamic
comparison
recent
state-of-the-arts
observed
notable
reduction
in
shared
servers,
cost,
consumption
time
up
28.81%,
25.7%,
35.9%
82.21%,
respectively
utilization
30.21%.
Artificial Intelligence Review,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
57(3)
Published: Feb. 17, 2024
Abstract
With
the
growth
of
real-time
and
latency-sensitive
applications
in
Internet
Everything
(IoE),
service
placement
cannot
rely
on
cloud
computing
alone.
In
response
to
this
need,
several
paradigms,
such
as
Mobile
Edge
Computing
(MEC),
Ultra-dense
(UDEC),
Fog
(FC),
have
emerged.
These
paradigms
aim
bring
resources
closer
end
user,
reducing
delay
wasted
backhaul
bandwidth.
One
major
challenges
these
new
is
limitation
edge
dependencies
between
different
parts.
Some
solutions,
microservice
architecture,
allow
parts
an
application
be
processed
simultaneously.
However,
due
ever-increasing
number
devices
incoming
tasks,
problem
solved
today
by
relying
rule-based
deterministic
solutions.
a
dynamic
complex
environment,
many
factors
can
influence
solution.
Optimization
Machine
Learning
(ML)
are
two
well-known
tools
that
been
used
most
for
placement.
Both
methods
typically
use
cost
function.
usually
way
define
difference
predicted
actual
value,
while
ML
aims
minimize
simpler
terms,
gap
prediction
reality
based
historical
data.
Instead
explicit
rules,
uses
Due
NP-hard
nature
problem,
classical
optimization
not
sufficient.
Instead,
metaheuristic
heuristic
widely
used.
addition,
ever-changing
big
data
IoE
environments
requires
specific
methods.
systematic
review,
we
present
taxonomy
problem.
Our
findings
show
96%
distributed
architecture.
Also,
51%
studies
on-demand
resource
estimation
81%
multi-objective.
This
article
also
outlines
open
questions
future
research
trends.
literature
review
shows
one
important
trends
reinforcement
learning,
with
56%
share
research.