The Gut Microbiome of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Its Association With the Host Glycemic Control

Diabetes Care, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(3), P. 555 - 563

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated an association between gut microbiota composition and type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. However, little is known about the function of microbiome in adults with longstanding T1D or its host glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a metagenomic analysis obtained from fecal samples 74 T1D, 14.6 ± 9.6 years following diagnosis, compared their microbial to 296 age-matched healthy control subjects (1:4 ratio). further analyzed taxa indices derived continuous glucose monitoring measurements blood tests constructed prediction model that solely takes features as input evaluate discriminative power for distinguishing individuals subjects. RESULTS Adults had distinct signature separated them when using algorithms on held-out (area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.89 0.03). Linear discriminant showed several bacterial species significantly higher scores including Prevotella copri Eubacterium siraeum, subjects, Firmicutes bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected all). On functional level, metabolic pathways were lower T1D. Several associated host’s CONCLUSIONS identified associations taxa, pathways, indices. Additional mechanistic are needed identify role these bacteria potential therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Changes in the Global Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes in an Evolving Landscape of Environmental Factors: Causes, Challenges, and Opportunities

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(4), P. 668 - 668

Published: March 28, 2023

The worldwide incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has increased in recent decades. reasons behind this phenomenon are not yet fully understood. Early life infections, prenatal and perinatal factors, diet composition have been associated with the triggering autoimmunity risk presentation T1DM. However, rapid increase new cases disease raises hypothesis that lifestyle which traditionally 2 diabetes, such as obesity unhealthy eating patterns could also play a role genesis autoimmune diabetes. This article aims to highlight changing epidemiology T1DM importance properly recognizing environmental factors it, well connections pathogenesis disorder need prevent or delay its long-term complications.

Language: Английский

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Cystic Fibrosis-Related Gut Dysbiosis: A Systematic Review

Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(5), P. 1797 - 1814

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Benefits and risks of drug combination therapy for diabetes mellitus and its complications: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, and its therapeutic goals focus on the effective management of blood glucose various complications. Drug combination therapy has emerged as comprehensive treatment approach for diabetes. An increasing number studies have shown that, compared with monotherapy, can bring significant clinical benefits while controlling glucose, weight, pressure, well mitigating damage from certain complications delaying their progression in diabetes, including both type 1 diabetes (T1D), 2 (T2D) related This evidence provides strong support recommendation highlights importance combined treatment. In this review, we first provided brief overview phenotype pathogenesis discussed several conventional anti-diabetic medications currently used We then reviewed trials pre-clinical animal experiments T1D, T2D, common to evaluate efficacy safety different classes drug combinations. general, plays pivotal role Integrating effectiveness multiple drugs enables more control without risk hypoglycemia or other serious adverse events. However, specific regimens should be tailored individual patients implemented under guidance healthcare professionals.

Language: Английский

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Type I Diabetes Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of the Gut Microbiome, Pancreatic Cellular Interactions, and the ‘Bystander’ Activation of Memory CD8+ T Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3300 - 3300

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) arises from the failure of pancreatic β-cells to produce adequate insulin, usually as a consequence extensive β-cell destruction. T1DM is classed an immune-mediated condition. However, processes that drive apoptosis remain be determined, resulting in prevent ongoing cellular Alteration mitochondrial function clearly major pathophysiological process underpinning loss T1DM. As with many medical conditions, there growing interest role gut microbiome, including interactions bacteria Candida albicans fungal infection. Gut dysbiosis and permeability are intimately associated raised levels circulating lipopolysaccharide suppressed butyrate levels, which can act dysregulate immune responses systemic function. This manuscript reviews broad bodies data on pathophysiology, highlighting importance alterations melatonergic pathway driving dysfunction. The suppression melatonin makes susceptible oxidative stress dysfunctional mitophagy, partly mediated by melatonin’s induction PTEN-induced kinase (PINK1), thereby suppressing mitophagy increasing autoimmune histocompatibility complex (MHC)-1. immediate precursor melatonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mimic, via activation BDNF receptor, TrkB. both full-length truncated TrkB play powerful roles survival, NAS another important aspect relevant destruction incorporation pathophysiology integrates wide previously disparate intercellular processes. Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus johnsonii, butyrate, shikimate pathway—including bacteriophages—contributes not only apoptosis, but also bystander CD8+ T cells, increases their effector prevents deselection thymus. microbiome therefore significant determinant dysfunction well ‘autoimmune’ effects derived cytotoxic cells. has future research treatment implications.

Language: Английский

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Functional host-specific adaptation of the intestinal microbiome in hominids

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Abstract Fine-scale knowledge of the changes in composition and function human gut microbiome compared that our closest relatives is critical for understanding evolutionary processes underlying its developmental trajectory. To infer taxonomic functional across hominids at different timescales, we perform high-resolution metagenomic-based analyzes fecal from over two hundred samples including diverse populations, as well wild-living chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas. We find human-associated taxa depleted within non-human apes patterns host-specific microbiota, suggesting widespread acquisition novel microbial clades along divergence hosts. In contrast, reveal multiple lines evidence a pervasive loss diversity populations correlation with high Human Development Index, evolutionarily conserved clades. Similarly, co-phylogeny between microbes hosts are found to be disrupted humans. Together identifying individual adaptations correlate host phylogeny, these findings offer insights into specific candidates playing role diverging trajectories hominids. repeated horizontal gene transfer loss, adaptation transient microaerobic conditions appear have played evolution microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Influence of gut microbiota on autoimmunity: A narrative review

Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100046 - 100046

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Gut microbiota consists a majority of bacteriodetes, firmicutes, actinobacteria, proteobacteria, fusobacteria, verrucomicrobiota which has evolved long way alongside humans where it helps in digestion and even other complex functions include development gut lymphoid tissue, vitamin synthesis, polarization specific immune responses, prevention colonization by pathobionts. Innate adaptive immunity been set the body contrast to involving helper T cells cytotoxic along with immunoglobulins. Hence immunomodulatory action is already studied explained mast cell degranulation. A few factors like age, diet, antibiotics, others shape normal flora into dysbiosis possibly through translocation microbes, molecular mimicry, altered metabolite production bringing unfavoured immunological actions imbalance improper permeability causing, autoimmunity. Changes microbes from phylum proteobacteria bring changes that lead various autoimmune diseases multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis etc. This review explains possible mechanisms causes leading

Language: Английский

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From Microbes to Metabolites: Advances in Gut Microbiome Research in Type 1 Diabetes

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 138 - 138

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a severe chronic T-cell mediated autoimmune disease that attacks the insulin-producing beta cells of pancreas. The multifactorial nature T1D involves both genetic and environmental components, with recent research focusing on gut microbiome as crucial factor in pathogenesis. its metabolites play an important role modulating immunity autoimmunity. In years, studies have revealed significant alterations taxonomic functional composition associated development islet autoimmunity T1D. These changes include reduced production short-chain fatty acids, altered bile acid tryptophan metabolism, increased intestinal permeability consequent perturbations host (auto)immune responses. Methods/Results: this review, we summarize discuss observational, mechanistic etiological investigating elucidating intricate microbes Moreover, highlight advances intervention targeting microbiota for prevention or treatment human Conclusions: A deeper understanding evolution before after onset microbial signals conditioning may provide us essential insights exploiting prognostic therapeutic tool.

Language: Английский

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Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota of Children With Celiac Disease at the Time of Diagnosis and on a Gluten-free Diet

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 159(6), P. 2039 - 2051.e20

Published: Aug. 10, 2020

It is not clear whether alterations in the intestinal microbiota of children with celiac disease (CD) cause or are a result and/or its treatment gluten-free diet (GFD).We obtained 167 fecal samples from 141 (20 new-onset CD, 45 treated GFD, 57 healthy children, and 19 unaffected siblings CD) Glasgow, Scotland. Samples were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, diet-related metabolites measured gas chromatography. We 13 CD after 6 12 months on GFD. Relationships between composition, gastrointestinal function, biomarkers GFD compliance explored.Microbiota α diversity did differ among groups. Microbial dysbiosis was observed CD. In contrast, 2.8% (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index, P = .025) 2.5% (UniFrac distances, .027) variation composition could be explained Between 3% 5% all taxa differed group comparisons. Eleven distinctive operational taxonomic units composed microbe signature specific to high diagnostic probability. Most that patients vs associated nutrient food intake (from 75% 94%) gluten ingestion. Fecal levels butyrate ammonia decreased during GFD.Although several established appear effects bacteria found distinct Studies needed determine these contribute pathogenesis

Language: Английский

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Emerging Roles of Exosomes in T1DM

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 26, 2020

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex autoimmune disorder that mainly affects children and adolescents. The elevated blood glucose level of patients with T1DM results from absolute insulin deficiency leads to hyperglycemia the development life-threatening diabetic complications. Although great efforts have been made elucidate pathogenesis this disease, precise underlying mechanisms are still obscure. Emerging evidence indicates small extracellular vesicles, namely, exosomes, take part in intercellular communication regulate interorgan crosstalk. More importantly, many findings suggest exosomes their cargo associated T1DM. Therefore, deeper understanding beneficial for further elucidating pathogenic process Exosomes promising biomarkers evaluating risk developingty T1DM, monitoring disease state predicting related complications because number composition can reflect status parent cells. Additionally, since natural carriers functional proteins, RNA DNA, they be used as therapeutic tools deliver these molecules drugs. In review, we briefly introduce current exosomes. Next, focus on relationship between three perspectives, i.e., role novel

Language: Английский

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