Reviews in Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
41(1), P. 228 - 255
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Abstract
Spectroscopic
techniques
such
as
infrared
spectroscopy
and
Raman
are
used
for
a
long
time
in
the
context
of
analysis
illicit
drugs,
their
use
is
increasing
due
to
development
more
performant
portable
devices
easy
application
harm
reduction
through
drug
checking
or
onsite
forensic
analysis.
Although
these
instruments
routinely
with
spectral
library,
importance
chemometric
extract
relevant
information
give
full
characterisation
samples,
especially
adulteration,
increasing.
This
review
gives
an
overview
applications
described
products
exploiting
advantages
combination
chemometrics.
Next
literature,
also
tries
emphasize
shortcomings
presented
research
papers
incentive
what
needed
include
chemometrics
part
daily
routine
services
mobile
applications.
Harm Reduction Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: March 15, 2024
Drug
checking
services
aim
to
provide
compositional
information
for
the
illicit
drug
supply
and
are
being
employed
in
public
health
responses
extreme
rates
of
overdose
associated
with
fentanyl
within
street
opioids.
The
technologies
used
these
range
from
basic
qualitative
tests,
such
as
immunoassay
test
strips,
comprehensive
quantitative
analyses,
mass
spectrometry.
In
general,
there
is
concern
that
heterogeneity
a
mixture
adds
significant
uncertainty
when
using
results
based
on
small
subsamples.
presence
hot
spots
active
components
this
context
often
termed
'chocolate
chip
cookie
effect'.
Establishing
limitations
service
essential
interpretation
results.
Drug Testing and Analysis,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(5), P. 484 - 494
Published: Jan. 6, 2023
Carfentanil
is
one
of
the
most
potent
synthetic
opioids
ever
developed,
with
an
estimated
analgesic
potency
approximately
20-100
times
that
fentanyl
and
10,000
morphine.
has
been
appearing
in
illicit
drug
supply
many
regions
linked
to
fatal
overdose
events.
A
subset
59
street
samples
obtained
Victoria,
B.C.,
were
confirmed
contain
carfentanil
analyzed
by
mass
spectrometry
for
this
study.
quantitation
paper
spray
ranged
from
0.05
2.95
w/w%
(median
=
0.32%)
original
sample.
Paper
analysis
also
detected
two
unknown
peaks
at
m/z
380.2
381.2
31
these
(53%).
Initial
tandem
experiments
revealed
structural
similarities
between
compounds
carfentanil,
suggesting
they
potential
analogs,
possibly
arising
incomplete
purification
during
synthesis.
High-resolution
determined
chemical
formulas
as
C23
H29
N3
O2
(m/z
380.2333)
N2
O3
381.2137).
Literature
results
used
determine
identity
new
psychoactive
substances,
desmethylcarfentanil
amide
acid.
μ-Opioid
receptor
binding
modeling
poses
analogs
nearly
identical
relative
energy
calculations
0.544
kJ/mol
(desmethylcarfentanil
amide)
-0.171
acid);
data
suggest
may
share
toxic
effects
have
similar
potencies.
Journal of Raman Spectroscopy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
52(7), P. 1308 - 1316
Published: May 10, 2021
Abstract
Community‐based
drug
checking
has
emerged
as
a
harm
reduction
practice
aimed
at
people
who
use
drugs.
Using
portable
Raman
spectrometer
and
the
statistical
method
of
partial
least
squares
regression,
model
was
developed
to
quantify
fentanyl
in
both
powder
binary
mixtures
more
complex
ternary
mixtures.
The
then
applied
samples
collected
over
2‐year
period
while
operating
service.
As
an
unpredictable
supply
will
always
pose
risk
for
quantification
with
technologies,
we
implement
check
steps
that
guide
decisions
conversations
surrounding
quantitative
results.
Drugs Education Prevention and Policy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
30(5), P. 443 - 452
Published: June 29, 2022
This
research
explored
drug
checking
as
a
market
intervention
with
potential
role
in
supporting
safer
supply
within
the
overdose
crisis.
We
sought
perspectives
of
service
users,
including
those
who
sell
substances.
Twenty-six
semi-structured
interviews
were
conducted
Victoria,
British
Columbia
(BC),
Canada
guided
by
Consolidated
Framework
for
Implementation
Research
(CFIR).
identified
five
overarching
themes
implementation:
'Understanding
conflicting
policies
and
pressures,'
'Increasing
relative
advantage
through
quality
results
written
reports,'
'Establishing
safe,
discrete
locations
without
risk
arrest
or
public
knowledge,'
'Partnering
peers
knowledge
skilled
technicians,'
'Engaging
word
mouth
to
ensure
trust
reputation.'
heard
that
criminalization
being
responsive
pressures
are
most
critical
factors
implementing
intervention.
To
operate
this
context,
services
need
provision
high-quality
products,
provided
scientists,
established
safety.
Promotion
facilitate
products
novel
strategies
identified,
but
pose
challenges.
Continued
development
technologies
methods
is
required
be
relevant
responsive.
Reviews in Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
41(1), P. 228 - 255
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Abstract
Spectroscopic
techniques
such
as
infrared
spectroscopy
and
Raman
are
used
for
a
long
time
in
the
context
of
analysis
illicit
drugs,
their
use
is
increasing
due
to
development
more
performant
portable
devices
easy
application
harm
reduction
through
drug
checking
or
onsite
forensic
analysis.
Although
these
instruments
routinely
with
spectral
library,
importance
chemometric
extract
relevant
information
give
full
characterisation
samples,
especially
adulteration,
increasing.
This
review
gives
an
overview
applications
described
products
exploiting
advantages
combination
chemometrics.
Next
literature,
also
tries
emphasize
shortcomings
presented
research
papers
incentive
what
needed
include
chemometrics
part
daily
routine
services
mobile
applications.
