Changes in soil bacterial and fungal community composition and functional groups during the succession of boreal forests

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 108393 - 108393

Published: Aug. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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Wildfire Induces Changes in Receiving Waters: A Review With Considerations for Water Quality Management

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 58(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Wildfires have increased in frequency many ecosystems, with implications for human health and the environment, including water quality. Increased fire urbanization also raise prospect of fires burning into urban areas, mobilizing pollutants few considered to date. As a result, quality managers lack information anticipate, respond potentially mitigate wildfire impacts. Here, we reviewed scientific literature assess effects on response endpoints conceptual model linking quality, quantifying directionality, magnitude duration. Physically, yield, sediments, temperature all post-fire. Chemically, nutrients, ions, organic chemicals, metals burned watersheds, sometimes by orders over pre-fire or reference conditions. In select cases, post-fire concentrations exceeded aquatic life criteria drinking standards, at times even finished water. Biological assemblages commonly declined after runoff events. The duration was less than 5 yr most (e.g., metals) average following fire, although did extend 15 more some individual cases. We found only studies mobilized from impacted areas benzene contamination high metal ash prominent exceptions. Overall, this review provides resource understanding impacts endpoints, goal informing other decision makers growing problem.

Language: Английский

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Climate influences on future fire severity: a synthesis of climate-fire interactions and impacts on fire regimes, high-severity fire, and forests in the western United States

Fire Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: July 24, 2023

Abstract Background Increases in fire activity and changes regimes have been documented recent decades across the western United States. Climate change is expected to continue exacerbate impacts forested ecosystems by increasing frequency, size, severity of wildfires States (US). Warming temperatures shifting precipitation patterns are altering landscapes making them more susceptible high-severity fire. large patches can result significant landscape processes ecosystem function vegetation structure composition. In this synthesis, we examine predicted climatic influence on discuss severity, dynamics, interactions between fire, vegetation, climate. We describe changes, impacts, risks related with climate how management options may mitigate some moderate forests, carbon, post Results driving larger Many regions experience an increase where conditions hotter drier evident. Increased temperatures, drought conditions, fuels, weather important drivers severity. Recent increases attributed water deficit (CMD), vapor pressure (VPD), evapotranspiration (ET), fuels. Fire species composition also Future likely impact forest resilience probability type conversions many ecosystems. Conclusions Increasing warming drying trends cause frequent severe disturbances near future. Large lasting legacies structure, tree regeneration. under certain fire-weather restoration fuel treatments reduce area burned at high from non-forest resistance wildland Thinning prescribed be effective reducing potential for crown promoting resilience.

Language: Английский

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Tamm review: The effects of prescribed fire on wildfire regimes and impacts: A framework for comparison

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 475, P. 118435 - 118435

Published: July 23, 2020

Language: Английский

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Fuel treatment effectiveness at the landscape scale: a systematic review of simulation studies comparing treatment scenarios in North America

Fire Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Abstract Background The risk of destructive wildfire on fire-prone landscapes with excessive fuel buildup has prompted the use reduction treatments to protect valued resources from damage. question how maximize effectiveness at landscape scales is important because treating an entire may be undesirable or unfeasible. We reviewed 86 simulation studies that examined landscape-scale treatment for USA Canada. Each these tested effects through comparisons scenarios differing by design other attributes. Results were summarized assess what they reveal about factors determining scales. Qualifying focused primarily but not exclusively forested western and ranged in size 200 3,400,000 ha. Most showed had lower levels compared untreated scenarios. Damaging types decreased while beneficial increased as a result most cases where differentiated. Wildfire outcomes influenced five dimensions (extent, placement, size, prescription, timing) beyond (weather, climate, fire/fuel attributes, management inputs). Studies testing factorial combinations relative importance varied across contexts. Conclusions Simulation have highlighted general principles effective scales, including desirability extensive areas appropriate prescriptions sufficient frequency reduce impacts even under extreme conditions more prevalent future. More specific, context-dependent strategies also been provided, such variety placement schemes prioritizing protection different resources. Optimization algorithms shown helpful timing achieve desired objectives given constraints. Additional work needed expand geographical scope studies, further examine interactions driving factors, longer-term projected climate change.

Language: Английский

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Streamflow Response to Wildfire Differs With Season and Elevation in Adjacent Headwaters of the Lower Colorado River Basin

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 58(3)

Published: March 1, 2022

Abstract Fires increasingly impact forested watersheds, with uncertain water resources impacts. While research has revealed higher peak flows, longer‐term yields may increase or decrease following fire, and the mechanisms regulating post‐fire streamflow are little explored. Hydrologic response to disturbance is poorly understood in Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB), where snowmelt often occurs before growing season. Here, we quantify annual changes what have been, 2020, two of largest wildfires modern history contiguous United States. We evaluate nine nested watersheds >50 years records within Salt fire over ranges elevation, climate, vegetation, burned area, spatial scale. employ double‐mass comparison paired pre‐ runoff ratio comparison, multiple linear regression climate time‐trend analysis. Precipitation decoupled during dry periods; therefore conduct separate change detection for wet periods. Post‐fire summer increased by 24%–38% at all elevations. winter/spring remained constant highest, coldest headwaters, winter flows declined lower‐elevation headwaters. As a result, basin declined. These results support emerging understanding that warm semiarid respond differently than well‐studied, colder watersheds. Asynchrony between evaporative demand likely important when considering long‐term impacts forest management on supply LCRB.

Language: Английский

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Combining connectivity and species distribution modeling to define conservation and restoration priorities for multiple species: A case study in the eastern Amazon

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 109148 - 109148

Published: May 1, 2021

Increasing the connectivity of protected areas is an urgent need to ensure conservation forest species and help them shift their ranges due anthropogenic drivers. However, efforts do so considering joint effects habitat fragmentation climate change are still scant. Here, we aimed outline a framework that incorporates spatial, temporal multi-taxa criteria pinpoint locations connect in eastern Amazon. We analyzed three mosaics areas, data on 603 (bees, birds, bats) developed two models using movement flow (MF; through circuit theory) suitability (HS; distribution models). Considering only MF, northward main candidates for corridors, most which presenting cover (68% 928,379 ha). This result changes when analyze HS, since corridors mostly positioned different direction (westward) less than half have (45% 925,058 Candidate both approaches totaled 135,171 ha, with 86% covered by forest. Our results rely methodological taxonomic redundancy (to depict range and/or requirements) efficient strategy prioritize connectivity. Dynamic restoration simulations showed location order important increased availability habitat. approach can address biodiversity threats (habitat loss change) maximize selection best protect rapidly changing world.

Language: Английский

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Wildfire severity and vegetation recovery drive post‐fire evapotranspiration in a southwestern pine‐oak forest, Arizona, USA

Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 579 - 591

Published: May 8, 2021

Abstract Post‐fire stand water balance is a critical factor influencing tree regeneration and survival, which are often modulated by fire severity. We examined influences of the post‐fire vegetation matrix severity on diurnal, seasonal, multi‐year variation in evapotranspiration (ET) analyzing relationship between ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment International Space Station (ECOSTRESS) ET data using multivariate linear mixed effects modeling. Unlike many high‐severity sites where drops after burning, was high at shrubland that burned southern Arizona, USA. In this study, driven plant species composition canopy cover. significantly higher morning midday densely vegetated shrublands than pine‐dominated forests remained 5–7 years wildfire. Our results demonstrate functional traits such as resprouting desiccation tolerance drive patterns, they likely to continue play roles shaping communities forest cycling under future environmental change.

Language: Английский

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Modelling the effect of accelerated forest management on long-term wildfire activity

Ecological Modelling, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 421, P. 108962 - 108962

Published: Feb. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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Changes in soil fungal community composition and functional groups during the succession of Alpine grassland

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 484(1-2), P. 201 - 216

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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