Seasonal and Ephemeral Snowpacks of the Conterminous United States

Hydrology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 32 - 32

Published: Feb. 18, 2021

Snowpack seasonality in the conterminous United States (U.S.) is examined using a recently-released daily, 4 km spatial resolution gridded snow water equivalent and depth product developed by assimilating station-based observations temperature precipitation estimates from PRISM. Seasonal snowpacks for period spanning years 1982–2017 were calculated two established methods: (1) classic Sturm approach that requires 60 days of cover with peak >50 cm (2) metric (SSM) only continuous to define seasonal snow. The latter yields values −1 +1, where (+1) indicates an ephemeral (seasonal) snowpack. SSM novel its ability identify both snowpacks. Both approaches western U.S. mountains northern central eastern identifies greater areas compared method, particularly Upper Midwest, New England, Intermountain West. This result relaxed constraint approach. Ephemeral exist throughout lower elevation regions across broad longitudinal swath centered near 35° N lee Rocky Mountains Atlantic coast. Because it lacks constraint, may inform location shallow but long-duration at risk transitioning climatic change. A case study Oregon during extreme drought year (2014/2015) highlights snowpack transitions. Aggregating HUC-8 watershed level demonstrates majority watersheds are losing

Language: Английский

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Climate change accelerates winter transmission of a zoonotic pathogen

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51(3), P. 508 - 517

Published: July 6, 2021

Many zoonotic diseases are weather sensitive, raising concern how their distribution and outbreaks will be affected by climate change. At northern high latitudes, the effect of global warming on especially winter conditions is strong. By using long term monitoring data (1980-1986 2003-2013) from Northern Europe temperature, precipitation, an endemic pathogen (Puumala orthohantavirus, PUUV) its reservoir host (the bank vole, Myodes glareolus), we show that early winters have become increasingly wet, with a knock-on transmission in population. Further, our study first to change zoonosis, not induced increased abundance or distribution, demonstrating can also alter intensity within populations. Our results suggest rainy accelerate PUUV voles winter, likely increasing human risk North.

Language: Английский

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Frozen out: unanswered questions about winter biology

Environmental Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 431 - 442

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Winter conditions impose dramatic constraints on temperate, boreal, and polar ecosystems, shape the abiotic biotic interactions underpinning these systems. At high latitudes, winter can last longer than growing season may have a disproportionately large impact organisms ecosystems. Even so, our understanding of ecological implications is often lacking. Indeed, even what exactly defines currently unclear, boundaries that delineate this are blurred across marine, freshwater, terrestrial realms fields biology. Here, we discuss complexity defining winter, highlight importance maintaining capacity to test hypotheses seasons, realms, domains life. We then outline questions drawn from diverse research address current gaps in ecology how influences multiple levels biological organization, individuals Finally, potential consequences changes both length severity due climate change, role play mediating ecosystem function future.

Language: Английский

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Was Warming Amplified Under Drought Conditions Across China in Observations and Future Projections?

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: Feb. 7, 2022

Abstract Concurrent hot extremes and droughts undoubtedly aggravate the impacts of on agriculture, natural environment, human society. Recent studies mainly focus trends changes in frequency severity compound drought extreme events. However, relatively little attention has been paid to mean temperature during conditions. In this study, we investigated observed projected periods across China a century time‐scale explored possible contributions land surface‐atmosphere interactions or atmospheric moisture conditions these changes. experienced reduced rather than amplified warming under both observations future projections. A drier condition higher emission scenario was result larger range future. We attributed temperatures increasing winter This study provides reference for water resource management, risk reduction, as well mitigation agricultural crop loss public health damage.

Language: Английский

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Coastal carbon sentinels: A decade of forest change along the eastern shore of the US signals complex climate change dynamics

PLOS Climate, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. e0000444 - e0000444

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Increased frequency and intensity of storms, sea level rise, warming temperatures are affecting forests along the eastern coast United States. However, we lack a clear understanding how structure coastal is being altered by climate change drivers. Here, used data from Forest Inventory Analyses program US Service to examine biomass in mid-Atlantic, Southeastern, Gulf coasts US. We selected plots that have been resampled at low (5 m) mid (30–50 elevations areas states Texas New Jersey, allowing us determine live trees, standing dead wood, downed wood (and carbon) stocks across decade county level. area increased 1.9% 0.3% elevation counties, respectively. Live tree density 13% 16% Standing decreased 9.2% 2.8% Downed 22% counties 50% counties. Annualized growth harvest were both higher (16% 58% respectively) than while annualized mortality was 25% negatively correlated rise rates, positively number illustrating tradeoffs associated with different Overall, our results illustrate vulnerability indications complexity rate ecosystem functions (growth, mortality, carbon storage) within greater social environment (agricultural abandonment) may increase.

Language: Английский

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