Variable Impacts of Climate Change on Blue Carbon

One Earth, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 195 - 211

Published: Aug. 1, 2020

Summary

Blue carbon provides opportunities to mitigate climate change while increasing ecosystem services for coastal communities, including adaptation; however, blue ecosystems are vulnerable change, leading uncertainties in the future efficacy of these ecosystems. In this review, we assess potential impacts on carbon. Despite uncertainties, sequestration is enhanced by landward migration habitats, maintenance sediment supply, restoration, and improved water quality. As an example, mangroves could result 1.5 Pg 2100. Mudflats, seaweed beds, swamp forests also contribute mitigation, although there large data gaps. Achieving full requires protection restoration facilitation changes distributions with actions that will deliver adaptation benefits. Conversely, worst-case squeeze scenario, losses 3.4 sequestered 2100 occur.

Language: Английский

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Mangrove Rehabilitation and Restoration as Experimental Adaptive Management

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: May 15, 2020

Rehabilitated and restored mangrove ecosystems have important ecological, economic, social values for coastal communities. Although a sine qua non of successful rehabilitation or restoration projects is accurate attention to local hydrology basic biology trees their associated fauna, long-term success depends on far more axes, each with own challenges. Rehabilitation projects: are planned, designed, executed, managed by people diverse backgrounds different scientific socio-political agendas; need be responsive these multiple stakeholders agents who hold values; often influenced laws treaties spanning international scales; must able adapt evolve both geomorphologically socioeconomically over decades-to-centuries in the context rapidly changing climate. We view challenges as opportunities innovative approaches that engage new larger constituencies. Restored can deliberately designed engineered provide valuable ecosystem services, adaptable climatic changes, develop platforms educating nonspecialists about successes failures ecosystems. When developed experiments, then used case-studies general models inform policy- decision-makers guide future efforts. Achieving this vision will require investment dedication research adaptive management practices. These ideas illustrated examples from Indo-West Pacific Caribbean regions, two hotspots biodiversity its ongoing loss degradation.

Language: Английский

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Tropicalization of temperate ecosystems in North America: The northward range expansion of tropical organisms in response to warming winter temperatures

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(13), P. 3009 - 3034

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

Tropicalization is a term used to describe the transformation of temperate ecosystems by poleward-moving tropical organisms in response warming temperatures. In North America, decreases frequency and intensity extreme winter cold events are expected allow poleward range expansion many cold-sensitive organisms, sometimes at expense organisms. Although ecologists have long noted critical ecological role temperature extremes tropical-temperate transition zones, effects been understudied, influence temperatures has too often left out climate change vulnerability assessments. Here, we examine on northward limits diverse group including terrestrial plants, coastal wetland fishes, sea turtles, reptiles, amphibians, manatees, insects. For these can lead major physiological damage or landscape-scale mass mortality. Conversely, absence foster population growth, expansion, regime shifts. We discuss winters species zones. 21st century, change-induced facilitate species. Our review highlights knowledge gaps for advancing understanding implications tropicalization America.

Language: Английский

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Blue carbon and the role of mangroves in carbon sequestration: Its mechanisms, estimation, human impacts and conservation strategies for economic incentives

Journal of Sea Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 102504 - 102504

Published: May 10, 2024

Mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrasses have been recognized as blue carbon coastal ecosystems they accommodate large stocks, enable long-term storage, the capacity to control greenhouse gas emissions possess potential reduce rise in atmospheric CO2 levels. In tropical subtropical intertidal zones, mangroves show significant productivity rapid deposition rates. Mangroves play an important role capturing, transforming, storing atmosphere into sediments for a long time displacing organic from zone offshores ocean. also help preventing storms, hurricanes, erosion, waves. Recently, threatened natural anthropogenic activities such urbanization, pollution, aquaculture tourism. They are expected hamper their essential services, defense, breeding grounds aquatic organisms' seafood supply, etc. Despite importance of mangrove forests sequestration well numerous goods services offer humans, including wood non-wood forest products, food, fisheries, medicines, eco-tourism, recreation. These deteriorating at alarming rates, necessitating immediate intervention. Thus, protection, restoration conservation this ecosystem gaining considerable attention researchers across globe. This paper provides information on different adaptations, mechanisms, roles ecosystem, estimation, influencing factors, threats, strategies invaluable habitat.

Language: Английский

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How Plants Influence Resilience of Salt Marsh and Mangrove Wetlands to Sea-Level Rise

Estuaries and Coasts, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 44(4), P. 883 - 898

Published: Sept. 15, 2020

Language: Английский

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What is the future of abandoned agricultural lands? A systematic review of alternative trajectories in Europe

Land Use Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 112, P. 105833 - 105833

Published: Nov. 3, 2021

Agricultural land abandonment and its impacts on landscape features have been a striking characteristic of many European rural areas over the last decades. Although previous research identified drivers environmental abandonment, few described post-agricultural trajectories. However, examining driving forces leading to different trajectories is key understand how alternative uses these lands can be developed address environmental, economic, social challenges faced in areas. This paper reviews literature observed after agricultural related processes. Based evidence, we proposed novel categorisation trajectories, with their outcomes. In most reported cases, transitioned towards semi-natural landscapes returned abandonment. The common force trajectory was absence management where secondary succession processes led landscapes. Quality state were variable. Alternative essentially driven by institutional socio-economic within biophysical constraints opportunities for (re-)afforestation, re-farming, multifunctional While abandoned bring respond biodiversity other policy goals, evidence across case studies suggests that adequate resources incentives are required stimulate favourable development, mitigate, potential trade-offs, support management.

Language: Английский

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20-Years Cumulative Impact From Shrimp Farming on Mangroves of Northeast Brazil

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: April 23, 2021

Brazilian mangroves cover about 11,100 km 2 and provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Despite their importance, they are one the most impacted ecosystems because combined influences climate change, pollution, direct conversion loss. A major driver environmental impacts is shrimp farming this particularly acute in semi-arid northeast Brazil, where constrained narrow band along ephemeral estuaries that often by multi-year droughts. Recent changes to law, particular Forest Code, have weakened protection for associated “ apicum ” (salt pan) ecosystems. In NE ponds converted from mangrove-adjacent apicuns rather than themselves with periodic hydrological connectivity through dammed channels, allowing flushing effluents. As result, main on typically indirect, pollution inputs pond effluents loss services including reductions primary productivity, carbon storage capacity, resilience other stressors, efficiency as estuarine filters, biodiversity abundance subsistence use marine species. Soil damage infrastructure remaining after deactivation impairs mangrove recovery. This extends duration allows occupation degraded areas activities can permanently impair function. review, we address several aspects culture boom Brazilian, features consequences, future region considering change rising poverty. Our conclusions practices outcomes likely apply similar settings, e.g., semiarid regions worldwide, Latin America Caribbean region, our findings be taken into account improve conservation management these forests at least regional scale.

Language: Английский

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Rapid peat development beneath created, maturing mangrove forests: ecosystem changes across a 25‐yr chronosequence

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: Jan. 29, 2020

Mangrove forests are among the world's most productive and carbon-rich ecosystems. Despite growing understanding of factors controlling mangrove forest soil carbon stocks, there is a need to advance speed peat development beneath maturing forests, especially in created restored that intended compensate for ecosystem functions lost during conversion other land uses. To better quantify rate organic matter created, we measured changes across 25-yr chronosequence. We compared properties adjacent natural forests. also quantified site-specific occurred between 2010 2016. Soil accumulated rapidly as sandy soils transitioned organic-rich (peat). Within 25 yr, 20-cm deep layer developed. The time required reach equivalency with was estimated (1) <15 yr herbaceous juvenile vegetation, (2) ~55 adult trees, (3) ~25 upper (0-10 cm), (4) ~45-80 lower (10-30 cm). For elevation change, were equivalent or surpassed within first 5 yr. A comparison chronosequence studies from ecosystems indicates accumulation may be fastest globally. In peatland ecosystems, formation occurs slowly (over centuries, millennia); however, these results show can occur decades. Peat development, primarily due subsurface root accumulation, enables sequester carbon, adjust their relative sea level, adapt changing conditions at dynamic land-ocean interface. face climate change rising levels, coastal managers increasingly concerned longevity functionality restoration efforts. Our pace which improve predictions responses global restoration.

Language: Английский

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The impacts of mangrove range expansion on wetland ecosystem services in the southeastern United States: Current understanding, knowledge gaps, and emerging research needs

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 3163 - 3187

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Abstract Climate change is transforming ecosystems and affecting ecosystem goods services. Along the Gulf of Mexico Atlantic coasts southeastern United States, frequency intensity extreme freeze events greatly influence whether coastal wetlands are dominated by freeze‐sensitive woody plants (mangrove forests) or freeze‐tolerant grass‐like (salt marshes). In response to warming winters, mangroves have been expanding displacing salt marshes at varying degrees severity in parts north Florida, Louisiana, Texas. As winter accelerates, mangrove range expansion expected increasingly modify wetland structure function. Because there differences ecological societal benefits that provide, environmental managers challenged anticipate effects on critical services, including those related carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, storm protection, erosion reduction, water purification, fisheries support, recreation. Mangrove may also affect stability face climatic rising sea levels. Here, we review current understanding displacement services States. We identify knowledge gaps emerging research needs regarding implications marsh forests. One consistent theme throughout our trade‐offs for consideration managers. can produce beneficial changes some while simultaneously producing detrimental other Thus, be local‐scale perceptions impacts into marshes. For very specific local reasons, individuals see as a positive embraced, others negative constrained.

Language: Английский

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A review of carbon monitoring in wet carbon systems using remote sensing

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 025009 - 025009

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Abstract Carbon monitoring is critical for the reporting and verification of carbon stocks change. Remote sensing a tool increasingly used to estimate spatial heterogeneity, extent change within across various systems. We designate use term wet system interconnected wetlands, ocean, river streams, lakes ponds, permafrost, which are carbon-dense vital conduits throughout terrestrial aquatic sections cycle. reviewed studies that utilize earth observation improve our knowledge data gaps, methods, future research recommendations. To achieve this, we conducted systematic review collecting 1622 references screening them with combination text matching panel three experts. The search found 496 references, an additional 78 added by Our study considerable variability utilization remote global progress nine systems analyzed. highlighted routinely globally map in mangroves oceans, whereas seagrass, tidal marshes, rivers, permafrost would benefit from more accurate comprehensive maps extent. identified gaps twelve recommendations continue progressing increase cross scientific inquiry.

Language: Английский

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