Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks: a meta‐analysis

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: Dec. 20, 2020

Increasing the quantity and quality of plant biomass production in space time can improve capacity agroecosystems to capture store atmospheric carbon (C) soil. Cover cropping is a key practice increase system net primary productivity (NPP) high-quality residues available for integration into soil organic matter (SOM). crop management local environmental conditions, however, influence magnitude C stock change. Here, we used comprehensive meta-analysis approach quantify effect cover crops on stocks from 0-30 cm depth temperate climates identify ecological factors that impact variation this response. A total 40 publications with 181 observations were included representing six countries across three different continents. Overall, had strong positive (P < 0.0001) leading 12% increase, averaging 1.11 Mg C/ha more relative no control. The strongest predictors SOC response planting termination date (i.e., growing window), annual production, clay content. planted as continuous or autumn terminated led 20-30% greater other windows. Likewise, high (>7 Mg·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) resulted 30% higher than lower levels production. Managing NPP by improving synchronization windows climate will enhance drawdown dioxide (CO2 atmosphere agroecosystems. window (potentially proxy growth), climate, decision-support tools are relevant quantification change under crops, particularly expansion terrestrial markets.

Language: Английский

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An evaluation of carbon indicators of soil health in long-term agricultural experiments

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 108708 - 108708

Published: May 11, 2022

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is closely tied to soil health. However, additional biological indicators may also provide insight about C dynamics and microbial activity. We used SOC the other (potential mineralization, permanganate oxidizable C, water extractable β-glucosidase enzyme activity) from North American Project Evaluate Health Measurements examine continental-scale drivers of these indicators, relationships among effects health practices on indicator values. All had greater values at cooler temperatures, most were with increased precipitation clay content. The strongly correlated each site-level, strongest relationship between C. responded positively decreased tillage, inclusion cover crops, application nutrients, retention crop residue, but not number harvested crops in a rotation. effect tillage was generally sites higher precipitation. magnitude direction response consistent across within site measuring least two would confidence management, especially for tillage. an essential criterion evaluating Balancing cost, sensitivity, interpretability, availability commercial labs, 24-hr potential mineralization assay could deliver benefit measure conjunction SOC.

Language: Английский

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Climate change challenges, plant science solutions

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 24 - 66

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Climate change is a defining challenge of the 21st century, and this decade critical time for action to mitigate worst effects on human populations ecosystems. Plant science can play an important role in developing crops with enhanced resilience harsh conditions (e.g. heat, drought, salt stress, flooding, disease outbreaks) engineering efficient carbon-capturing carbon-sequestering plants. Here, we present examples research being conducted these areas discuss challenges open questions as call plant community.

Language: Английский

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Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineral‐associated fractions

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(19), P. 5831 - 5848

Published: June 17, 2022

Cover crops (CCs) can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration by providing additional OC residues, recruiting beneficial microbiota, and improving aggregation structure. The various CC species that belong to distinct plant functional types (PFTs) may differentially impact SOC formation stabilization. Biogeochemical theory suggests selection of PFTs with litter quality (C:N ratio) should influence the pathways magnitude sequestration. Yet, we lack knowledge on effect CCs from different quantity composition physiochemical pools SOC. We sampled soils under monocultures three (legume [crimson clover]; grass [triticale]; brassica [canola]) a mixture these species, long-term experiment in Pennsylvania, USA. measured C content bulk contrasting physical fractions: particulate matter, POM; mineral-associated MAOM. was higher all treatments compared fallow. Compared legume, lower (wider C:N) had proportion plant-derived POM, indicating selective preservation complex structural compounds. In contrast, legumes greater accumulation microbial-derived Our results for first time, revealed contributed concentration compounds POM relative MAOM brassica. Mixtures thus short- persistence balancing effects chemistries imposed monoculture PFTs. Thus, despite cumulative inputs PFTs, total stocks did not vary between rather impacted whether accumulated or fractions. This highlights shift dominant (POM vs. MAOM), subsequently impacting stabilization stocks. work provides strong applied field test biogeochemical linking accrual soil.

Language: Английский

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The potential of cover crops to increase soil organic carbon storage in German croplands

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 488(1-2), P. 157 - 173

Published: April 22, 2022

Abstract Aims Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of croplands can be enhanced by targeted management, which boosts soil fertility and contributes to climate change mitigation. One SOC sequestration option is adopting cover crops. The aim this study was quantify the potential crops in Germany. Methods We simulated scenarios on 1,267 cropland sites with site-specific management data using an model ensemble consisting RothC C-TOOL. A new method developed estimate input from that included effects climate, sowing date species crop biomass production. Results recent area could tripled 30% arable land This would enhance total 12% increase 35 Tg within 50 years, corresponding annual 0.06 Mg C ha -1 , 2.5 CO 2 or 0.8 per mill current 0–30 cm depth. On crops, 0.28–0.33 a accumulated years. Our simulations predicted even if full for growth were realised, there still decline German years due underlining negative trend. Conclusions Cover alone cannot turn sources sinks. However, growing them reduces bare fallow periods losses thus effective mitigation strategy agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Restoring particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon through regenerative agriculture

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(21)

Published: May 15, 2023

Sustainability of agricultural production and mitigation global warming rely on the regeneration soil organic carbon (SOC), in particulate (POC) mineral-associated (MAOC) forms. We conducted a systematic meta-analysis effects regenerative management practices SOC, POC, MAOC cropland, finding: 1) no-till (NT) cropping system intensification increase SOC (11.3% 12.4%, respectively), (8.5% 7.1%, POC (19.7% 33.3%, respectively) topsoil (0 to 20 cm), but not subsoil (>20 cm); 2) experimental duration, tillage frequency, type, rotation diversity moderate management; 3) NT synergized with integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems greatly (38.1%) ICL (33.1 53.6%). This analysis shows that agriculture is key strategy reduce C deficit inherent promote both health long-term stabilization.

Language: Английский

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The Deep Soil Organic Carbon Response to Global Change

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 375 - 401

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Over 70% of soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored at a depth greater than 20 cm belowground. A portion this deep SOC actively cycles on annual to decadal timescales and sensitive global change. However, responses change likely differ from surface because biotic controls cycling become weaker as mineral predominate with depth. Here, we synthesize the current information drivers warming, shifting precipitation, elevated CO 2 , land use cover Most can only be hypothesized few studies measure soils, even fewer experiments manipulate soils. We call scientists incorporate soils into their manipulations, measurements, models so that response accounted for in projections nature-based climate solutions terrestrial feedbacks

Language: Английский

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Global Responses of Soil Carbon Dynamics to Microplastic Exposure: A Data Synthesis of Laboratory Studies

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(13), P. 5821 - 5831

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Microplastics (MPs) contamination presents a significant global environmental challenge, with its potential to influence soil carbon (C) dynamics being crucial aspect for understanding C changes and cycling. This meta-analysis synthesizes data from 110 peer-reviewed publications elucidate the directional, magnitude, driving effects of MPs exposure on globally. We evaluated impacts characteristics (including type, biodegradability, size, concentration), properties (initial pH organic [SOC]), experimental conditions (such as duration plant presence) various components. Key findings included promotion SOC, dissolved C, microbial biomass root following addition soils, while net photosynthetic rate was reduced. No were observed respiration shoot biomass. The study highlights that concentration, along other attributes, critically influences responses. Our results demonstrate both nature environment interact shape cycling, providing comprehensive insights guiding strategies mitigating impact MPs.

Language: Английский

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Securing a sustainable future: the climate change threat to agriculture, food security, and sustainable development goals

Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 11, 2024

Abstract Climate alteration poses a consistent threat to food security and agriculture production system. Agriculture sector encounters severe challenges in achieving the sustainable development goals due direct indirect effects inflicted by ongoing climate change. Although many industries are confronting challenge of change, impact on agricultural industry is huge. Irrational weather changes have raised imminent public concerns, as adequate output supplies under continuous threat. Food system negatively threatened changing climatic patterns thereby increasing risk poverty. It has led concerning state affairs regarding global eating patterns, particularly countries where plays significant role their economies productivity levels. The focus this review deteriorating consequences with prime emphasis how altering affect either directly or indirectly. shifts resultant temperature ranges put survival validity species at risk, which exaggerated biodiversity loss progressively fluctuating ecological structures. influence variation results poor quality higher costs well insufficient systems distribution. concluding segment underscores policy implementation aimed mitigating both regional scale. data study been gathered from various research organizations, newspapers, papers, other sources aid readers understanding issue. execution also analyzed depicted that government engrossment indispensable for long-term progress nation, because it will guarantee stringent accountability tools regulations previously implemented create state-of-the-art policy. Therefore, crucial reduce adapt change because, order ensure survival, addressing worldwide peril necessitates collective commitment mitigate its dire consequences.

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis reveals the combined effects of microplastics and heavy metal on plants

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 476, P. 135028 - 135028

Published: June 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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