Loss of Earth’s old, wise, and large animals

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 387(6729)

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Earth’s old animals are in decline. Despite this, emerging research is revealing the vital contributions of older individuals to cultural transmission, population dynamics, and ecosystem processes services. Often largest most experienced, valued by humans make important reproduction, information acquisition trophic resistance resilience natural anthropogenic disturbance. These observations contrast with senescence-focused paradigm age that has dominated literature for more than a century yet consistent findings from behavioral ecology life history theory. In this work, we review why global loss can be particularly detrimental long-lived indeterminate growth; those increasing reproductive output age; dependent on migration, sociality, transmission survival. Longevity conservation needed protect ecological roles services provided animals.

Language: Английский

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Environmental DNA methylation of Lymnaea stagnalis varies with age and is hypermethylated compared to tissue DNA

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 81 - 91

Published: July 28, 2022

Environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches contributing to species identifications are quickly becoming the new norm in biomonitoring and ecosystem assessments. Yet, information such as age health state of population, which is vital biomonitoring, has not been accessible from eDNA. methylation potential provide on a population. Here, we measured eDNA along with tissue (tDNA) Lymnaea stagnalis at four life stages. We demonstrate that varies allows distinguishing among classes. Moreover, was globally hypermethylated comparison tDNA. This difference age-specific connected limited number sites. differential pattern suggests release partially regulated through methylation. Our findings help understand mechanisms involved shows analysis assess Such class assessments will encourage future studies fundamental processes population dynamics functioning ecology, biodiversity conservation impact

Language: Английский

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Size-Selective Harvesting Effects on Reproductive Investment in Marine Medaka (Oryzias melastigma)

Fishes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 112 - 112

Published: March 4, 2025

Long-term selective fishing pressure often leads to miniaturization, smaller size, and early sexual maturity in many commercial fish species. To adapt, these species increase energy allocations toward maturation reproduction, which can reduce population productivity recruitment. However, how different pressures affect reproductive investment allocation between growth reproduction remains unclear. In this study, we designed three size-selective harvesting strategies—large, random, small harvests—to examine their effects on the of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). We analyzed changes length, weight, gonad weight across harvest times. Results showed that “large harvest” group allocated more leading miniaturization earlier maturation, while “small focused growth, resulting larger at same age. This study provides experimental evidence alters populations, offering valuable insights for sustainable exploitation fishery resources.

Language: Английский

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Growth rate extremes of a Sciaenid in an ocean-warming hotspot

Fisheries Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 107366 - 107366

Published: April 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Bottom Temperature Effect on Growth of Multiple Demersal Fish Species in Flemish Cap, Northwest Atlantic

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1120 - 1120

Published: April 12, 2025

This study investigates the effects of warming water on growth in seven demersal fish species including Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), roughhead grenadier (Macrourus berglax) and three redfish (Sebastes spp.) Northwest compares changes across species. Length-at-age data were collected from EU bottom trawl surveys 1993 to 2018, temperature obtained Copernicus Marine Service. Generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs) used describe growth. The analysis was carried out separately for males females. Both sexes all except showed significant To obtain parameters, von Bertalanffy functions (VBGFs) fitted predictions best-fit GAMMs both under five different scenarios (3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 5 °C). broadly similar form (R2 > 90%). Increased generally resulted a decrease asymptotic length (L∞) an increase rate (k). with most dramatic k over range 3 °C cod, which increased 0.05 0.13 year−1 females 0.08 0.14 males. maximum (Lmax), predicted by VBGF at age declined °C. pronounced decline Lmax beaked (S. mentella). An proportion smaller individuals could impact population productivity result lower biomass available fisheries. Uneven ocean also have wider ecological implications alter trophic landscape.

Language: Английский

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Population structure of yellowtail snapper using age-based life history and otolith shape in southern Gulf of México

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e0320012 - e0320012

Published: April 16, 2025

Yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus is commercially important throughout its distribution range. In southern Gulf of México, it caught as part a largely undocumented multispecific fishery. Samplings were done at three fishing sites with the highest landings volume Yucatán, México: Celestún, Dzilam de Bravo, and Río Lagartos. Age growth parameters generated von Bertalanffy model via annuli counts in otolith thin sections 1,124 individuals. Marginal increment analysis confirmed that opaque zone formation annual occurs from July to September. Overall age range was 0 + 12 years (17.7 38.9 cm fork length) but differed between Celestún (0 9 years), Bravo (1 Lagartos (2 years). Growth lifespan for combined sexes also varied sites: (L ∞ = 41.59 cm, K 0.11 year -1 , t max 22.41 years); 38.36 0.16 15.5 40.28 0.12 20.01 maturity 1.3 females < 1 males. Natural mortality based on 0.28 overall. A principal coordinates identified morphometric variables explaining 92.2% differentiation by site, average centroid distances: 1.98; 2.22; Lagartos, 2.75. Differences rate, lifespan, natural shape indicate O. GoM exhibits structural complexities suggest occurrence repercussions fishing-induced demographic changes.

Language: Английский

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Review on Quantitative Methods of Fish School Behaviors

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3)

Published: April 23, 2025

ABSTRACT In aquaculture, the quantitative analysis of fish school behavior refers to systematic application mathematical and statistical tools for precise measurement description characteristics through metrics, statistics, modeling. Compared studies on individual behavior, is crucial managing health enhancing aquaculture efficiency. Quantitative deepens our understanding structure interaction patterns, facilitating development more rational efficient feeding strategies. Traditional manual detection methods are time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, have limited accuracy, resulting in inadequate schools difficulties parametrically assessing their physiological states, which pose challenges accurate evaluations. However, recent years, with emergence new technologies quantification indicators, assessment has become objective. This review summarizes three key quantitatively analyzing behavior: computer vision, acoustics, sensors. It outlines types indicators: biomass estimation, environment. Furthermore, it provides insights into response four factors: environmental stress, feeding, disease, reproduction. The study indicates that comprehensive recognition information often requires selecting suitable or integrating multiple based specific needs conditions site. Therefore, future research multimodal data fusion will likely contribute further advancements field aquaculture.

Language: Английский

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Spawning history, fecundity, and potential sperm limitation of female blue crabs in Chesapeake Bay

Fisheries Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 278, P. 107094 - 107094

Published: June 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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The interactions between fishing mortality, age, condition and recruitment in exploited fish populations in the North Sea

Fisheries Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 267, P. 106822 - 106822

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

A quantity of studies have documented how greater condition and older age individual fish enhances reproductive success via a variety processes from egg production to larval survival. If these relations translate into relationships between stock demography recruitment, maintaining "healthy" composition may be key step towards ensuring productivity. We examined the correlation indicators size residual-variation stock-recruitment relationship (i.e. variation not explained by spawning biomass) in eleven commercially exploited stocks North Sea. also analyzed what extent spawner responded variations fishing mortality. Before detrending accommodate any temporal patterns, recruitment residuals correlated negatively with relative all (plaice, whiting, saithe being significant). However, after residuals, correlations weakened only nine out negatively. Lastly, we conducted delay difference analysis, which yielded more or less even distribution negative positive correlations, addition two (cod Norway pout) came showing significant composition. In contrast, eight showed weight were for plaice, cod, saithe. After data, disappeared, but overall tendency prevailed. Overall, results suggest that is likely show than it was found majority strong link mortality composition, when looking across stocks, appears returned same level as 1960 s. Conversely, at recovered, considering indications Sea remain low spite apparently successful rebuilding

Language: Английский

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Large females connect Atlantic cod spawning sites

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 382(6675), P. 1181 - 1184

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

The Earth's ecosystems are increasingly deprived of large animals. Global simulations suggest that this downsizing nature has serious consequences for biosphere functioning. However, the historical loss animals means it is now often impossible to secure empirical data revealing their true ecological importance. We tracked 465 mature Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) during winter spawning season and show females (up 114 centimeters in length), which still found mid-Norway, were characterized by more complex movement networks compared with smaller females. Large males sparse but displayed similar patterns. Our finding implies management programs promoting fish will have positive impacts on population resilience facilitating continued use a diversity habitats connectivity between them.

Language: Английский

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