Adaptation, speciation and extinction in the Anthropocene

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 285(1891), P. 20182047 - 20182047

Published: Nov. 14, 2018

Humans have dramatically altered the planet over course of a century, from acidity our oceans to fragmentation landscapes and temperature climate. Species find themselves in novel environments, within communities assembled never before encountered mixtures invasives natives. The speed with which biotic abiotic environment species has changed already evolutionary trajectory species, trend that promises escalate. In this article, I reflect upon evolution. Human activities reshaped selection pressures, favouring individuals better survive built landscapes, avoid hunting fishing, best tolerate we introduced. Human-altered pressures also modified how organisms live move through landscape, even nature reproduction genome structure. are shaping at level, discuss traits affecting both extinction speciation rates Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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What makes fish vulnerable to capture by hooks? A conceptual framework and a review of key determinants

Fish and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 986 - 1010

Published: April 11, 2017

Abstract Considerable time and money are expended in the pursuit of catching fish with hooks (e.g., handlining, angling, longlining, trolling, drumlining) across recreational, commercial subsistence fishing sectors. The other aquatic organisms squid) that captured not a random sample population because external turbidity) underlying internal variables morphology) contribute to variation vulnerability hooks. Vulnerability is probability capture for any given location at mechanistically explains population‐level catchability coefficient, which fundamental usually time‐varying (i.e., dynamic) variable fisheries science stock assessment. mechanistic drivers individual thus interest fishers by affecting catch rates, but also considerable importance managers whenever hook‐and‐line‐generated data assessments. In this paper, conceptualized as dynamic state, switch between vulnerable invulnerable states function three interdependent key processes: an fish's its encounter gear, characteristics encountered gear. We develop new conceptual framework “vulnerability,” summarize major vulnerability, conclude involves complex processes. To understand shift interdisciplinary research integration ecophysiology, ecology, ecology human movement facilitated technological developments, required.

Language: Английский

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Potential Environmental Impacts of Recreational Fishing on Marine Fish Stocks and Ecosystems

Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 287 - 330

Published: April 9, 2019

Marine recreational fishing (MRF) is a popular activity that involves millions of people worldwide. While the impacts on freshwater ecosystems received increasing attention in recent decades, consequences MRF marine fish and are largely unstudied. takes place mainly coastal areas where most its concentrate. This review identified ranked activities potential risks associated with using risk assessment matrix based ecological fisheries-related literature. The majority were rated to be minor importance (impacts occur locally, reversible, comparably easy manage local scales). Three as high-risk (severe difficult reverse manage, may require management measures broad spatial scale): (1) direct indirect high selective mortality (truncation natural age size structure, depensatory mechanisms, loss genetic variability, evolutionary changes, food web changes) because they potentially contribute decline stocks undermine biodiversity resilience, (2) use live bait organisms originate from water bodies elsewhere released or lost impact genetic, species, ultimately ecosystem diversity, (3) lead containing tackle causes environmental contamination. separation MRF-induced other anthropogenic vary according country-specific practices, legislation, cultural backgrounds. It can nonetheless concluded populations environments. In particular, further investigations information their effects generally sparse. Finally, outlines implications for sustainable fisheries match temporal scale both environment affected effort proposes future research.

Language: Английский

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Behavioural responses to human‐induced change: Why fishing should not be ignored

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 231 - 240

Published: Jan. 11, 2017

Change in behaviour is usually the first response to human-induced environmental change and key for determining whether a species adapts or becomes maladapted. Thus, understanding behavioural changes crucial interplay between ecology, evolution, conservation management. Yet fishing activities has been largely ignored. We review studies contrasting how fish affects catch by passive (e.g., long lines, angling) versus active gears trawls, seines). show that not only targets certain behaviours, but it leads multitrait including behavioural, physiological life-history traits with population, community ecosystem consequences. Fisheries-driven (plastic evolutionary) of its correlated could impact populations well beyond their survival per se, affecting predation risk, foraging behaviour, dispersal, parental care, etc., hence numerous ecological issues population dynamics trophic cascades. In particular, we discuss implications responses fisheries management resilience. More research on these topics, however, needed draw general conclusions, suggest fruitful directions future studies.

Language: Английский

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Shape matters: the relationship between cell geometry and diversity in phytoplankton

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 847 - 861

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Size and shape profoundly influence an organism's ecophysiological performance evolutionary fitness, suggesting a link between morphology diversity. However, not much is known about how body related to taxonomic richness, especially in microbes. Here we analyse global datasets of unicellular marine phytoplankton, major group primary producers with exceptional diversity cell sizes shapes and, additionally, heterotrophic protists. Using two measures elongation, quantify as function size shape. We find that cells intermediate volume have the greatest variation, from oblate extremely elongated forms, while small large are mostly compact (e.g. spherical or cubic). Taxonomic strongly elongation volume, together explaining up 92% total variance. decays exponentially displays log-normal dependence on peaking for intermediate-volume shapes. These previously unreported broad patterns phytoplankton reveal selective pressures constraints geometry which may improve our understanding ecology rules life.

Language: Английский

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Application of shape analysis for the identification of pelagic fish stocks

Hydrobiologia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Recreational angling intensity correlates with alteration of vulnerability to fishing in a carnivorous coastal fish species

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 72(2), P. 217 - 225

Published: Oct. 6, 2014

Increased timidity is a behavioral response to exploitation caused by combination of learning and fisheries-induced selection favoring shy fish. In our study, the potential for angling-induced change in fish behavior was examined two marine coastal fishes exploited boat recreational fishing Mediterranean (Mallorca, Spain). It expected that mean vulnerability capture surviving individuals would differ across gradient previous exposure angling this effect be present multiple species. The prediction received partial empirical support. Recreational intensity correlated with enhanced gear-avoidance only one study species, carnivorous painted comber (Serranus scriba). By contrast, omnivorous species annular seabream (Diplodus annularis), did not its towards hooks compared unexploited sites. These results suggest may contribute patterns hyperdepletion catch rates because increased associated reduced gear some Such effects lead erroneous interpretations about status stocks when assessed fishery-dependent data negatively affect quality fishery affected

Language: Английский

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Toward a mechanistic understanding of vulnerability to hook‐and‐line fishing: Boldness as the basic target of angling‐induced selection

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 994 - 1006

Published: June 14, 2017

Abstract In passively operated fishing gear, boldness‐related behaviors should fundamentally affect the vulnerability of individual fish and thus be under fisheries selection. To test this hypothesis, we used juvenile common‐garden reared carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) within a narrow size range to investigate mechanistic basis behavioral selection caused by angling. We focused on one key personality trait (i.e., boldness), measured in groups ponds, two morphological traits (body shape head shape), life‐history (juvenile growth capacity) studied mean standardized gradients Carp behavior was highly repeatable ponds. short term, over seven days fishing, total length, not boldness, main predictor angling vulnerability. However, after 20 boldness turned out selection, followed rate, while were only weakly related addition, found rate moderately correlated with boldness. Hence, direct will also induce indirect vice versa, but given that are perfectly correlated, independent evolution both is possible. Our study among first mechanistically reveal energy‐acquisition‐related behaviors, per se, factors determining probability capture, hence, appear prime targets predict an evolutionary response toward increased shyness intensively angling‐exploited stocks, possibly causing emergence timidity syndrome.

Language: Английский

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Testing otolith morphology for measuring marine fish biodiversity

Marine and Freshwater Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 67(7), P. 1037 - 1037

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

To check the suitability of otoliths for measuring biodiversity, contour and shape sulcus acusticus sagittal were described using geometric morphological analysis. Thirteen fourteen points used to define these structures respectively. Three current coastal fish assemblages north-western Mediterranean selected present study. The results demonstrate that relative warps generated in analysis explained both characteristics related otolith sulcus. A comparative study with body morphospaces clusters revealed is a better variable explaining ecological structure assemblage. Moreover, three indices (morphological richness (MR), disparity morphogeometric index) estimated from compared ecological, taxonomic, functional (from shape) indices. MR increased diversity average taxonomic distinctness, reflecting character morphology. These findings suggest could be useful tool studying past assemblages.

Language: Английский

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Marine food web perspective to fisheries‐induced evolution

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 2378 - 2391

Published: June 6, 2021

Fisheries exploitation can cause genetic changes in heritable traits of targeted stocks. The direction selective pressure forced by harvest acts typically reverse to natural selection and selects for explicit life histories, usually younger smaller spawners with deprived spawning potential. While the consequences that such might have on population dynamics a single species are well emphasized, we just beginning perceive variety severity its propagating effects within entire marine food webs ecosystems. Here, highlight potential pathways which fisheries-induced evolution, driven size-selective fishing, resonate through globally connected systems. We look at: (i) how size truncation may induce shifts ecological niches harvested species, (ii) changed maturation schedule affect biomass flow, (iii) histories initiate trophic cascades, (iv) role apex predators be shifting (v) whether evolution could codrive depletion biodiversity loss. Globally increasing effective fishing effort uncertain reversibility eco-evolutionary change induced fisheries necessitate further research, discussion precautionary action considering impacts webs.

Language: Английский

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