Genomic analyses elucidate S‐locus evolution in response to intra‐specific losses of distyly in Primula vulgaris

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Distyly, a floral dimorphism that promotes outcrossing, is controlled by hemizygous genomic region known as the

Language: Английский

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Does the occurence of homostyly necessarily accompany the breakdown of heteromorphic incompatibility system?

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Heterostyly is a genetic polymorphism that facilitates precise pollen transfer through reciprocal herkogamy. The loss or variation of herkogamy usually accompanied by the breakdown heteromorphic incompatibility system. Homostyly, which characterized self-compatibility and same stigma-anther height common floral morph in evolution heterostyly. Limonium aureum distylous species distributed desert northwest China, with (H-morph) widely natural populations, resembling classical homostyly. aim this study was to clarify whether occurrence H-morph also system, relationship between long-styled-/shortstyled-morph (L-/S-morph). morphs composition frequency, heterostylous syndrome, pollinators visiting efficiency were investigated five populations L. based on field observation, artificial control pollination experiment so on. All composed L-, S- H-morphs, except for ATS population only H-morph, there significant differences flower size parameter, fruit set, degree limitation, while no among within population. However, each demonstrated dimorphic pollen-stigma morphology strict especially population, they compatible morphology, regardless herkogamy, vice versa. It speculated different may be at stages evolution. without stage before distyly formation, other 4 after formation. caused separation shortening L- S-morph populations. These phenomenons independent physiological breakdown, as well coexistence from origins evolutionary have been reported first time Plumbaginaceae.

Language: Английский

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Fate of a supergene in the shift from diploidy to polyploidy

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

ABSTRACT Despite the evolutionary importance of supergenes, their properties in polyploids remain unexplored. Polyploid genomes are expected to undergo chromosomal rearrangements and gene losses over time, potentially affecting supergene architecture. The iconic distyly ( S -locus), controlling a floral heteromorphism with two self-incompatible morphs, has been well-documented diploids, but remains unknown polyploids. Primula , classic model for since Darwin, is ancestrally diploid distylous, yet polyploid, homostylous species single, self-compatible morph evolved repeatedly. intraspecific loss associated small loss-of-function mutations -locus CYP T style length female self-incompatibility. Over longer timescales, relaxed selection on should generate greater accumulation larger mutations, including exon loss. By analyzing first assembled genome an allotetraploid, grandis ) comparative framework, we discovered two, nearly identical alleles same subgenome, suggesting it originated via inter-specific hybridization between distylous progenitor. Conformant predictions from theory, macroevolutionary coincided considerable degeneration while other genes remained largely unaffected, shift homostyly preceded facilitated polyploid establishment. At whole-genome level, found minimal subgenome dominance — as expected, given inferred recent origin P. highly reduced genetic diversity, congruently its narrow distribution self-compatibility. This study provides comparison across ploidy levels reproductive systems, contributing new knowledge previously fate supergenes SIGNIFICANCE advances evolution by elucidating how (clusters tightly linked genes) evolve different sets chromosomes systems. newly broad provide outcrossers self-fertilizers. We one pair rather than per revealing cross self-incompatibility was considerably degenerated, because rest unaffected.

Language: Английский

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Converging on long and short: The genetics, molecular biology and evolution of heterostyly

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 102731 - 102731

Published: May 3, 2025

Heterostyly is a fascinating floral polymorphism that enhances outcrossing. In heterostylous species the flowers of two or three morphs differ in multiple traits, including reciprocal reproductive-organ placement and self-incompatibility. These traits are controlled by individual genes within an S-locus supergene, whose suppressed recombination ensures coordinated inheritance morph phenotypes. Recent breakthroughs about genetic molecular basis heterostyly have resulted from studies on many independently evolved instances include following: The hemizygous region comprising several taxa. systems, single gene plays dual roles regulating both female style length self-incompatibility type, often involving brassinosteroid signalling. S-loci through stepwise segmental duplication different lineages. frequent breakdown generally results mutations at leads to genomic selfing syndrome. discoveries suggest convergent genetically constrained evolution level.

Language: Английский

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The Primula edelbergii S‐locus is an example of a jumping supergene

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(6)

Published: June 30, 2024

Abstract Research on supergenes, non‐recombining genomic regions housing tightly linked genes that control complex phenotypes, has recently gained prominence in genomics. Heterostyly, a floral heteromorphism promoting outcrossing several angiosperm families, is controlled by the S ‐locus supergene. The been studied primarily closely related Primula species and, more recently, other groups independently evolved heterostyly. However, it remains unknown whether genetic architecture and composition of are maintained among share common origin heterostyly subsequently diverged across larger time scales. To address this research gap, we present chromosome‐scale genome assembly edelbergii , shares same with veris (whose characterized) but from 18 million years ago. Comparative analyses between these two allowed us to show, for first time, can ‘jump’ (i.e. translocate) chromosomes maintaining its function controlling Additionally, found four were conserved reshuffled within supergene, seemingly without affecting their expression, thus could not detect changes explaining lack self‐incompatibility P. . Furthermore, confirmed undergoing degeneration. Finally, investigated evolutionary history Ericales terms whole duplications transposable element accumulation. In summary, our work provides valuable resource comparative aimed at investigating genetics pivotal role supergenes shaping evolution phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the genome-wide consequences of range expansion and mating-system transitions in Primula vulgaris

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(10)

Published: Sept. 28, 2024

Abstract Genetic diversity is heterogeneously distributed among populations of the same species, due to joint effects multiple demographic processes, including range contractions and expansions, mating systems shifts. Here, we ask how both processes shape genomic in space time classical Primula vulgaris model. This perennial herb originated Caucasus region was hypothesized have expanded westward following glacial retreat Quaternary. Moreover, this species a long-standing model for system transitions, exemplified by shifts from heterostyly homostyly. Leveraging high-quality reference genome closely related veris whole-genome resequencing data heterostylous homostylous individuals encompassing wide distribution P. vulgaris, reconstructed history vulgaris. Results are compatible with previously proposed hypothesis expansion approximately 79,000 years ago suggest later homostyly rather than preceding postglacial colonization England. Furthermore, accordance population genetic theoretical predictions, associated reduced diversity, increased linkage disequilibrium, efficacy purifying selection. A novel result concerns contrasting versus shift on transposable elements, former, process changes element content, while latter not. Jointly, our results elucidate interactions expansion, transitions selfing, Quaternary climatic oscillations plant evolution.

Language: Английский

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Island plants with newly discovered reproductive traits have higher capacity for uniparental reproduction, supporting Baker’s law

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 18, 2024

Abstract Uniparental reproduction is advantageous when lack of mates limits outcrossing opportunities in plants. Baker’s law predicts an enrichment uniparental habitats colonized via long-distance dispersal, such as volcanic islands. To test it, we analyzed reproductive traits at multiple hierarchical levels and compared seed-set after selfing crossing experiments both island mainland populations Limonium lobatum , a widespread species that Baker assumed to be self-incompatible because it had been described pollen-stigma dimorphic, i.e., characterized by floral morphs differing pollen-surface morphology stigma-papillae shape are typically self-incompatible. We discovered new types combinations pollen stigma hitherto unknown the literature on dimorphism correspondence between compatibility. Contrary previous reports, conclude comprises self-compatible plants known previously undescribed traits. Most importantly, with novel overrepresented islands, selfed higher islands than mainland, insular trait-combinations disproportionally contribute Our results thus support law, connecting research biology.

Language: Английский

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