Parasitoid species diversity has no effect on protective symbiont diversity in experimental host‐parasitoid populations

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract How does diversity in nature come about? One factor contributing to this are species interactions; on one trophic level can shape lower or higher levels. For example, parasite enhances host immune diversity. Insect protective symbionts mediate resistance and are, therefore, also engaged reciprocal selection with their host's parasites. Here, we applied experimental evolution a well‐known symbiont‐aphid‐parasitoid system study whether parasitoid contributes maintaining symbiont genetic We used caged populations of black bean aphids ( Aphis fabae ), containing uninfected individuals infected different strains the bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa , which protects against parasitoids. Over multiple generations, these were exposed three wasps Aphidius colemani Binodoxys acalephae Lysiphlebus fabarum simultaneous sequential mixtures no wasps. Surprisingly, observed little for H. most treatments, even when it clearly provided protection fatal infection. This seemed be caused by high induced costs resistance: surviving attacks suffered an extreme reduction fitness. In marked contrast previous studies looking at effect genotypes single species, found evidence diversifying hosts.

Language: Английский

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Defensive Symbiont Genotype Distributions Are Linked to Parasitoid Attack Networks

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Facultative symbionts are widespread in arthropods and can provide important services such as protection from natural enemies. Yet what shapes associations with defensive nature remains unclear. Two hypotheses suggest that interactions either antagonists or host plants explain the prevalence of through shared selective pressures vectors symbiont transmission. Here we investigate factors determining similarities Hamiltonella defensa symbiosis amongst field‐collected aphid species. After accounting for species relatedness, find Hamiltonella's genotype distribution aligns sharing same parasitoids, rather than plants, highlighting parasitoids hosts key agents shaping across Our data indicates parasitoid specificity drives specific aphid‐ associations, suggesting symbioses maintained by pressure imposed dominant their hosts. These findings underscore importance enemies explaining patterns nature.

Language: Английский

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Transcriptomic Insights into Host Metabolism and Immunity Changes after Parasitization by Leptopilina myrica

Insects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 352 - 352

Published: May 14, 2024

Parasitoids commonly manipulate their host’s metabolism and immunity to facilitate offspring survival, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we deconstructed manipulation strategy of a newly discovered parasitoid wasp, L. myrica, which parasitizes D. melanogaster. Using RNA-seq, analyzed transcriptomes myrica-parasitized non-parasitized Drosophila host larvae. A total 22.29 Gb 23.85 clean reads were obtained from two samples, respectively, differential expression analysis identified 445 DEGs. Of them, 304 genes upregulated 141 downregulated in parasitized hosts compared with Based on functional annotations Gene Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) databases, found that involved nutrition significantly upregulated, particularly carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid metabolism. We also 30 other metabolism-related DEGs, including hexokinase, fatty acid synthase, UDP-glycosyltransferase (Ugt) genes. observed five Bomanin (Boms) six antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) upregulated. Moreover, qRT-PCR 12 randomly selected DEGs confirmed reproducibility accuracy RNA-seq data. Our results provide comprehensive transcriptomic how myrica manipulates its host, laying solid foundation for studies regulatory employed by wasps hosts.

Language: Английский

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Defensive symbiont genotype distributions are linked to parasitoid attack networks

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 24, 2024

ABSTRACT Facultative symbionts are widespread in arthropods and can provide important services such as protection from natural enemies. Yet what shapes associations with defensive nature remains unclear. Two hypotheses suggest that either interactions antagonists, or host plants, may explain the prevalence of through shared selective pressures routes horizontal transmission. Here we investigate factors driving similarities Hamiltonella defensa symbiosis among species within field collected aphid communities. We show that, Hamiltonella’s genotype distribution strongly aligns sharing same parasitoids, rather than highlighting parasitoids a key agent shaping across species. Our data indicates parasitoid host-specificity drives specific aphid- associations, suggesting symbioses maintained by pressure imposed dominant These findings underscore importance enemies explaining patterns nature.

Language: Английский

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