Stress in wildlife: comparison of the stress response among domestic, captive, and free-ranging animals

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 17, 2023

The stress response, which involves joint activity of the nervous and endocrine systems, is one basic adaptive mechanisms that ensures survival individual. activation sympathetic system, sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis enables organisms to respond endogenous exogenous challenges. Repeated short-term leads long-term stress, disrupts physiological homeostasis. Unlike domestic animals, wild animals are not protected from environmental weather influences or treated for diseases. In addition, climate change, habitat fragmentation loss, urban stressors (such as light, noise chemical pollution; xenobiotics; traffic; buildings) affect individual wildlife populations. this review, we have attempted depict magnitude response in related well captive free-ranging animals. intensity can be estimated by determining concentration glucocorticoids body fluids, tissues, excreta. A comparison results different studies suggests lower fecal hair glucocorticoid concentrations than Additionally, higher same species. As there limited data on topic, cannot draw definitive conclusions about response. Further needed clarify these issues.

Language: Английский

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Glucocorticoid responses of wildlife to anthropogenic stressors are influenced by disturbance type and species traits

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Abstract Ecological and conservation research has focused on documenting wildlife's behavioural demographic responses to anthropogenic disturbance. Yet, a significant gap remains in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underlie or adaptations human activities. Glucocorticoid concentrations (GCCs) are widely considered as relevant endpoints assess response wildlife natural stressors, yet recent studies show mixed outcomes concerning GCC shifts disturbed populations. Consequently, uncertainties remain around role GCCs reliable indicators effect disturbance organisms' physiology, likely due masking several confounding factors. To unveil generalizable patterns effects wildlife, we collected measured conspecific populations living undisturbed areas from 121 114 species terrestrial vertebrates, assessed roles type traits shaping using phylogenetic meta‐analysis log ratios (lnRRΔ). We found 36% increase mammals (lnRRΔ = 0.304), but no evidence for birds, non‐avian reptiles amphibians. Mammals showed similar all forms disturbance, while birds 24.6% habitat conversion only 0.221). Furthermore, change tended be higher large‐sized than small‐sized mammals, comparatively lower herbivorous mammals. Finally, non‐migratory elicit stronger compared with migratory 0.234). Our study provides novel supporting influential diet body mass behaviours glucocorticoid establishing link between magnitude pace‐of‐life‐related traits. trends coherent known responses, suggesting might costly sustain, thus serving potential early‐warning signals population decline. consistency facing types highlighting even seemingly innocuous interactions humans may still induce substantial changes. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Stress in the city: meta-analysis indicates no overall evidence for stress in urban vertebrates

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 287(1936), P. 20201754 - 20201754

Published: Oct. 7, 2020

As cities continue to grow it is increasingly important understand the long-term responses of wildlife urban environments. There have been increased efforts determine whether urbanization imposes chronic stress on wild animals, but empirical evidence mixed. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis test there is, average, detrimental effect based baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid levels vertebrates. We found no levels, none sex, season, life stage, taxon, size city nor methodology accounted for variation in observed sizes. At face value, our results suggest that areas are more stressful than rural or non-urban areas, offer few reasons why this conclusion could be premature. propose refining methods data collection will improve understanding how affects health survival wildlife.

Language: Английский

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Does urbanization cause stress in wild birds during development? Insights from feather corticosterone levels in juvenile house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 640 - 652

Published: Dec. 21, 2018

Abstract Urban landscapes are associated with abiotic and biotic environmental changes that may result in potential stressors for wild vertebrates. exploiters have physiological, morphological, behavioral adaptations to live cities. However, there is increasing evidence urban themselves can suffer from conditions, especially during specific life‐history stages. We looked a link between the degree of urbanization level developmental stress an exploiter (the house sparrow, Passer domesticus ), which has recently been declining multiple European cities (e.g., London, UK). Specifically, we conducted large‐scale study sampled juvenile sparrows 11 rural sites evaluate their feather corticosterone (CORT) levels. found CORT levels were positively correlated urbanization, supporting idea developing conditions. did not find any correlation body size, mass, or condition. This suggests either growth condition impacted by elevated levels, compensate constraints once they left nest. Although baseline slightly response juveniles. conditions potentially long‐lasting effects on physiology sensitivity this exploiter.

Language: Английский

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Arthropod abundance modulates bird community responses to urbanization

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 34 - 49

Published: Oct. 2, 2020

Abstract Aim We analysed the role of species interactions in wildlife community responses to urbanization. Specifically, we investigated non‐trophic associations within a bird and trophic urbanization gradient. Location City‐state Berlin, Central Europe. Methods Arthropod abundances were sampled across study area using hierarchical joint distribution models (JSDMs). Urbanization gradient was defined by environmental predictors reflecting anthropogenic disturbances, for example noise level human population density, as well nature‐like features, tree cover open green area. Relevant each group relevant spatial resolution selected priori AICc. modelled sampling transects included additional predictor variable model. In this model, used traits 66 breeding response variables. Results Bird captured interaction between invertebrate abundance predictors. identified three groups birds: urban (12 species) showed no decrease along not related arthropods abundance; woodland (18 positively arthropod abundance, also areas with high disturbance; nature (36 but decreased sharply increasing disturbance. All found positive. Main conclusions clearly modulated birds’ most species. Especially at moderate levels disturbance, is key occurrence areas. To maintain diversity areas, management measures should focus on maintaining abundance.

Language: Английский

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The impact of urbanization on health depends on the health metric, life stage and level of urbanization: a global meta-analysis on avian species

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2027)

Published: July 17, 2024

Stressors associated with urban habitats have been linked to poor wildlife health but whether a general negative relationship between urbanization and animal can be affirmed is unclear. We conducted meta-analysis of avian literature test biomarkers differed on average non-urban environments, there are systematic differences across species, biomarkers, life stages species traits. Our dataset included 644 effect sizes derived from 112 articles published 1989 2022, 51 bird species. First, we showed that was no clear impact when categorized the sampling locations as or non-urban. However, did find small this dichotomous variable replaced by quantitative representing degree at each location. Second, dependent type biomarker measured well individual stage, young individuals being more negatively affected. comprehensive analysis calls for future studies disentangle specific urban-related drivers might obscured in categorical versus comparisons.

Language: Английский

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Early-life exposure to artificial light at night elevates physiological stress in free-living songbirds☆

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 259, P. 113895 - 113895

Published: Dec. 30, 2019

Language: Английский

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Past and future: Urbanization and the avian endocrine system

General and Comparative Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 332, P. 114159 - 114159

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Urbanization enhances body condition, but not innate immune defences, in a common waterbird

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

There is a growing body of evidence that urbanization can affect condition and immune function in wild birds, although these effects may be complex taxa-specific. Here, we assessed the on (size-corrected mass haemoglobin concentration) innate defences (haemolysis-haemagglutination assay, haptoglobin concentration bacterial killing assay) 136 Eurasian coots (Fulica atra) from three urban non-urban populations across Poland. We also quantified heterophil to lymphocyte ratio control for potential effect physiological stress defences. found showed significantly better than ones. At same time, no relationship between any defence or condition. Thus, our study offers support condition-dependent function. Our analyses revealed significant differences male female both defences; however, sex-specific responses urbanization. In conclusion, provides correlative habitat enhances condition, but not coot.

Language: Английский

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Human pressure may pose a threat to Mediterranean Golden Eagle’s (Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri) nestlings’ welfare

Journal of Ornithology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Language: Английский

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