Polar Regions

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 2319 - 2368

Published: June 22, 2023

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Language: Английский

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Effects of ocean acidification on Antarctic marine organisms: A meta‐analysis

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 4495 - 4514

Published: April 16, 2020

Southern Ocean waters are among the most vulnerable to ocean acidification. The projected increase in CO2 level will cause changes carbonate chemistry that likely be damaging organisms inhabiting these waters. A meta-analysis was undertaken examine vulnerability of Antarctic marine biota occupying south 60°S This showed acidification negatively affects autotrophic organisms, mainly phytoplankton, at levels above 1,000 μatm and invertebrates 1,500 μatm, but positively bacterial abundance. sensitivity phytoplankton influenced by experimental procedure used. Natural, mixed communities were more sensitive than single species culture a decline chlorophyll concentration, productivity, photosynthetic health, as well shift community composition μatm. Invertebrates reduced fertilization rates increased occurrence larval abnormalities, decreased calcification shell dissolution with any Assessment fish macroalgae limited number studies available. Overall, this analysis indicates many susceptible thereby change their contribution ecosystem services future. Further required address poor spatial coverage, lack or ecosystem-level studies, largely unknown potential for acclimate and/or adapt changing conditions.

Language: Английский

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Environmental contamination and climate change in Antarctic ecosystems: an updated overview

Environmental Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 543 - 560

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The review presents a complete update of previous reviews on the topics environmental contamination, climate change and human impact Antarctic ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Hidden impacts of ocean warming and acidification on biological responses of marine animals revealed through meta-analysis

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 3, 2024

Conflicting results remain on the impacts of climate change marine organisms, hindering our capacity to predict future state ecosystems. To account for species-specific responses and ambiguous relation most metrics fitness, we develop a meta-analytical approach based deviation from reference values (absolute change) complement meta-analyses directional (relative) changes in responses. Using this approach, evaluate fish invertebrates warming acidification. We find that drivers induce calcification, survival, metabolism, significant deviations twice as many biological responses, including physiology, reproduction, behavior, development. Widespread are detected even under moderate intensity levels acidification, while mostly limited more severe levels. Because such may result ecological shifts impacting ecosystem structures processes, suggest will likely have stronger than those previously predicted alone.

Language: Английский

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Severe 21st-century ocean acidification in Antarctic Marine Protected Areas

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Antarctic coastal waters are home to several established or proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) supporting exceptional biodiversity. Despite being threatened by anthropogenic climate change, uncertainties remain surrounding the future ocean acidification (OA) of these waters. Here we present 21st-century projections OA in MPAs under four emission scenarios using a high-resolution ocean-sea ice-biogeochemistry model with realistic ice-shelf geometry. By 2100, project pH declines up 0.36 (total scale) for top 200 m. Vigorous vertical mixing carbon produces severe throughout water column and existing MPAs. Consequently, end-of-century aragonite undersaturation is ubiquitous three highest scenarios. Given cumulative threat marine ecosystems environmental change activities such as fishing, our findings call strong emission-mitigation efforts further management strategies reduce pressures on ecosystems, continuation expansion

Language: Английский

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Between shells and seas: Effects of ocean acidification on calcification and osmoregulation in yellow clam (Amarilladesma mactroides)

Marine Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 207, P. 107083 - 107083

Published: March 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Meta‐analysis of multiple driver effects on marine phytoplankton highlights modulating role ofpCO₂

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(12), P. 6787 - 6804

Published: Sept. 28, 2020

Abstract Responses of marine primary production to a changing climate are determined by concert multiple environmental changes, for example in temperature, light, p CO 2 , nutrients, and grazing. To make robust projections future global production, it is crucial understand driver effects on phytoplankton. This meta‐analysis quantifies individual interactive dual combinations phytoplankton growth rates. Almost 50% the single‐species laboratory studies were excluded because central data metadata (growth rates, carbonate system, experimental treatments) insufficiently reported. The remaining (42 studies) allowed analysis interactions with respectively. Growth rates mostly respond non‐additively, whereby interaction increased profusely dampens growth‐enhancing high temperature light. Multiple single coccolithophores differ from other groups, especially their sensitivity increasing . Polar species decrease rate response while temperate tropical benefit under these conditions. Based observed projected we anticipate productivity to: (a) first increase but eventually Arctic Ocean once nutrient limitation outweighs benefits higher light availability; (b) tropics mid‐latitudes due intensifying limitation, possibly amplified elevated ; (c) Southern view availability synergistic Growth‐enhancing effect warming coccolithophores, mainly Emiliania huxleyi might relative abundance as long not offset acidification. Dinoflagellates expected positive levels. Our reveals gaps knowledge responses provides recommendations work

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification alters the nutritional value of Antarctic diatoms

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 233(4), P. 1813 - 1827

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Summary Primary production in the Southern Ocean is dominated by diatom‐rich phytoplankton assemblages, whose individual physiological characteristics and community composition are strongly shaped environment, yet knowledge on how diatoms allocate cellular energy response to ocean acidification (OA) limited. Understanding such changes allocation integral determining nutritional quality of subsequent impacts trophic transfer nutrients. Using synchrotron‐based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, we analysed macromolecular content selected diatom taxa from a natural Antarctic exposed gradient f CO 2 levels (288–1263 µatm). Strong species‐specific differences partitioning were observed under OA. Large showed preferential towards proteins, while smaller increased both lipid protein stores at high . If these representative future physiology, may expect shift away lipid‐rich large taxa, but with higher than their present‐day contemporaries, that could have cascading effects food web dynamics marine ecosystem.

Language: Английский

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Direct air capture (DAC) vs. Direct ocean capture (DOC)–A perspective on scale-up demonstrations and environmental relevance to sustain decarbonization

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 497, P. 154421 - 154421

Published: July 31, 2024

As the atmospheric concentration of CO2 steadily increases and world grapples with pressing challenges global warming, international research communities are actively exploring inventive technologies to combat adverse effects elevated levels. An important challenge in this context is extract directly from atmosphere. Consequently, capturing last seawater crucial due its impact on delicate balance marine ecosystems potential consequences for climate regulation. While DAC DOC show towards combating change, including high operational costs need further technological advancements persist. This paper critically discusses status, challenges, scalability at pilot or industrial scale. Key include capital costs, energy demands, integrating green sources reduce environmental impact. The review emphasizes techno-economical benchmarking analyses evaluate feasibility large-scale deployment their effectiveness mitigating emissions acting as tools delocalized production.

Language: Английский

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Responses of Southern Ocean Seafloor Habitats and Communities to Global and Local Drivers of Change

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: May 13, 2021

Knowledge of life on the Southern Ocean seafloor has substantially grown since beginning this century with increasing ship-based surveys and regular monitoring sites, new technologies greatly enhanced data sharing. However, habitats their communities exhibit high spatial variability heterogeneity that challenges way in which we assess state benthos larger scales. The Antarctic shelf is rich diversity compared deeper water areas, important for storing carbon (“blue carbon”) provides habitat commercial fish species. In paper, focus shelf, are vulnerable to drivers change including ocean temperatures, iceberg scour, sea ice melt, acidification, fishing pressures, pollution non-indigenous Some most areas include West Peninsula, experiencing rapid regional warming increased iceberg-scouring, subantarctic islands tourist destinations where human activities environmental conditions increase potential establishment species active around South Georgia, Heard MacDonald Islands. Vulnerable those low thermal tolerance, calcifying susceptible acidity as well slow-growing habitat-forming can be damaged by gears e.g., sponges, bryozoan, coral Management regimes protect key from activities; some will need more protection than others, accounting specific traits make vulnerable, slow growing long-lived species, restricted locations optimum physiological available food, distributions rare Ecosystem-based management practices long-term, highly protected may effective tools preservation habitats. Here, outlining responses observed date projections future. We discuss action preserve under climate change, pressures other anthropogenic impacts.

Language: Английский

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