Climate change-associated multifactorial stress combination: A present challenge for our ecosystems

Journal of Plant Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 276, P. 153764 - 153764

Published: July 7, 2022

Humans negatively influence Earth ecosystems and biodiversity causing global warming, climate change as well man-made pollution. Recently, the number of different stress factors have increased, when impacting simultaneously, multiple conditions cause dramatic declines in plant ecosystem health. Although much is known about how plants are affected by each individual stress, recent research efforts diverted into these biological systems respond to several applied together. Studies such "multifactorial combination" concept reported a severe decrease survival microbiome along increasing consistent directional trend. In addition, results concert with studies microbiota natural imposed change. Therefore, all this evidence should serve an important warning order pollutants, create strategies deal increase tolerance stressful combination. Here we review focused on impact abiotic stresses plants, agrosystems including forests microecosystems. mitigate discussed.

Language: Английский

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Number of simultaneously acting global change factors affects composition, diversity and productivity of grassland plant communities

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Plant communities experience impacts of increasing numbers global change factors (e.g., warming, eutrophication, pollution). Consequently, unpredictable effects could arise. However, information about multi-factor on plant is scarce. To test plant-community responses to multiple (GCFs), we subjected sown and transplanted-seedling (0, 1, 2, 4, 6) co-acting GCFs, assessed individual GCFs community composition productivity. GCF number reduced species diversity evenness both types, whereas none the alone affected these measures. In contrast, positively productivity community. Our findings show that simultaneously acting can affect in ways differing from those expected single factor effects, which may be due biological sampling or both. exploring multifactorial nature crucial better understand ecological change.

Language: Английский

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Facilitating comparable research in seedling functional ecology

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 464 - 476

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Abstract Ecologists have worked to ascribe function the variation found in plant populations, communities and ecosystems across environments for at least past century. The vast body of research functional ecology has drastically improved understanding how individuals respond their environment, are assembled function. However, with limited exceptions, few studies quantified differences during earliest stages life cycle, fewer tested this early variability shapes ecosystems. Drawing from literature our collective experience, we describe current state knowledge seedling provide examples subdiscipline can enrich fundamental levels organisation. To inspire progressive work area, also outline key considerations involved (who, what, when, where measure traits) identify remaining challenges gaps around methodological approaches. Within conceptual synthesis, highlight three critical areas future target. First, given wide definition a ‘seedling’, standard based on seed reserve dependence while emphasising need ontogenetic more clearly both within following stage. Second, demonstrate that seedlings be studied multiple media (e.g. soil, agar, filter paper) conditions field, greenhouse, laboratory). We recommend researchers select methods explicit goals, yet follow guidelines reduce noise studies. Third, is critically needed assess implications different methodologies trait measurement compatibility By highlighting importance suggesting pathways address challenges, aim generates useful comparable data ecology. This explain among integrate most vulnerable stage into ecological frameworks.

Language: Английский

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Seed traits inform the germination niche for biodiverse ecological restoration

Seed Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 50(2), P. 103 - 124

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Seeds are a primary source for generating plants large-scale restoration and understanding the requirements seed germination establishment is fundamental to ecological restoration. Seed traits central defining niche identifying that may limit seedling provides insights into how seeds interact with abiotic environment soil substrates specific each site informs management practices. In this paper we review trait data derived from research improve practice across diverse ecosystems within Western Australia. We compile evaluate up 300 collections of 287 species used in programmes identify species, lifeform, region-specific variation dormancy, maximum germination, speed, base water potential, breadth. Through synthesis data, outline our ecologically-guided approach key support plant regeneration success seed-based biodiverse Australian landscape.

Language: Английский

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Preparation of carbon-based material with high water absorption capacity and its effect on the water retention characteristics of sandy soil

Biochar, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

Abstract Biochar has the potential to provide a multitude of benefits when used in soil remediation and increasing organic matter enrichment. Nevertheless, intricated, hydrophobic pores groups weaken its water-holding capacity dry, sandy soils arid lands. In order combat this issue, starch-carbon-based material (SB), sodium alginate-carbon-based (SAB), chitosan-carbon-based (CB) have been successfully synthesized through graft-polymerization biochar (BC). A series column simulations were scrutinize microstructure carbon-based explore water absorption properties effects on infiltration, retention, aggregation. The results indicated that SB, SAB, CB achieved maximum rates 155, 188, 172 g −1 , respectively. Considering their impact soils, lengthened infiltration times by 1920, 3330, 3880 min, respectively, whilst enhancing retention capabilities 18%, 25%, 23% comparison solely adding BC. utilization these innovative materials notably encouraged formation aggregates ranging from 2.0 0.25 mm, endowing with enhanced structural stability. Findings potting experiments suggested all three conducive growth soybean seeds. Thus, it is evident fabricated success, they great not only significantly augment capacities robustness areas, but also bolster development crop growth. These possess significant application for quality semi-arid regions. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Global change impacts on arid zone ecosystems: Seedling establishment processes are threatened by temperature and water stress

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 8071 - 8084

Published: May 11, 2021

Abstract Recruitment for many arid‐zone plant species is expected to be impacted by the projected increase in soil temperature and prolonged droughts associated with global climate change. As seed dormancy considered a strategy avoid unfavorable conditions, understanding mechanisms underpinning vulnerability these factors critical recruitment intact communities, as well restoration efforts arid ecosystems. This study determined effects of water stress on processes six grass genus Triodia R.Br. from Australian zone. Experiments controlled environments were conducted dormant less‐dormant seeds at constant temperatures 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, under well‐watered (Ψ = −0.15 MPa) water‐limited −0.35 conditions. Success three key stages—seed germination, emergence, survival—and final viability ungerminated was assessed. For all species, germinated higher proportions conditions; however, subsequent seedling emergence survival more treatment. An (35–40°C) conditions caused 95%–100% failure, regardless state. Ungerminated maintained dry soil; when exposed warm (30–40°C) loss greater across species. work demonstrates that transition established highly vulnerable microclimatic constraints represents filter we demonstrate stress‐driven mortality between seedlings, how influence other should high priority consideration management actions mitigate impacts change ecosystem resilience. The knowledge gained outcomes must actively incorporated into initiatives.

Language: Английский

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Transplanted sagebrush “wildlings” exhibit higher survival than greenhouse-grown tubelings yet both recruit new plants

BMC Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 22, 2024

Abstract Background Land uses such as crop production, livestock grazing, mining, and urban development have contributed to degradation of drylands worldwide. Loss big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata ) on disturbed across the western U.S. has prompted massive efforts re-establish this foundational species. There been growing interest in avoiding severe limitations experienced by plants at seed seedling stages instead establishing from containerized greenhouse seedlings (“tubelings”). In some settings, a potential alternative approach is transplant larger locally-collected (“wildlings”). We compared establishment mountain A. ssp. vaseyana tubelings vs. wildlings southeastern Idaho. A mix native non-native grass forb species was drill-seeded pasture previously dominated introduced forage grass, smooth brome Bromus inermis ). then established 80 m x treatment plots planted n = 12 plots, 1200 plants) plants). also seeded 12) untreated control 6) for long-term comparison. tracked project expenses order calculate costs using modified probability success. Results high (79%) tubeling low (10%) wildling mortality within first year. Three years post-planting, chance survival significantly higher than that (85% 14% respectively). Despite up-front planting wildlings, rates resulted their being < 50% cost per-surviving plant basis. Additionally, third year post-planting 34% surviving 95% showed evidence reproduction (presence / absence flowering stems), two types plantings recruited new via (3.7 2.4 plants, respectively, per tubeling/wildling). Conclusions Our results indicate with more developed root systems (wildlings) may be promising avenue increasing early restoration settings. illustrate improve outcomes “nucleating” landscape recruitment during ideal climate conditions.

Language: Английский

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Climate Change-Induced Decline in Succulent Euphorbia in Namibia’s Arid Regions

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 190 - 190

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

The global rise in temperatures due to climate change has made it difficult even for specialised desert-adapted plant species survive on sandy desert soils. Two of Namibia’s iconic species, Welwitschia mirabilis and the quiver tree Aloidendron dichotomum, have recently been shown be under threat because change. In current study, three ecologically important Namibian Euphorbia milk bushes were evaluated their response. By comparing good-quality aerial photographs from 1960s recent 2020s high-resolution satellite images, was determined by QGIS remote sensing techniques that very high percentages large succulents E. damarana, gummifera, gregaria died during last 50 years arid areas Namibia. Areas like Brandberg (northern Namibia), Klein Karas (south-east), Garub (south-west), with a sandy-textured ground cover, seen loss around 90% damarana about 61% gummifera this period. This is alarming, as could threaten survival several animal adapted feed them, especially droughts. study focused succulent euphorbias, distinguishable images historical photographs. It observed many other are also severely stressed areas. obtained results ground-truthed identification confirmed chemical analysis remaining dead twigs using GC-MS metabolomics. ERA5 satellite’s 2 m above-ground temperature data show °C annual average noon since 1950 at locations analysed. Annual daily increased 1.3 1950, exceeding 1.0 1900. suggests euphorbias plants low-water-capacity soils Namibia face greater pressure than globally.

Language: Английский

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Drought Mitigation of Populus euphratica by Microenvironmental Changes Within Forest Gaps in Flooded and Non-Flooded Areas

Forests, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 292 - 292

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Populus euphratica is the only dominant tree species of desert riparian forest in Tarim River Basin and faces a great threat drought. Policy-based artificial water delivery projects are an effective engineering method to mitigate drought reduce degradation forests. Forest gaps have been shown be primary mode regeneration. However, little known about growth status P. various arid zone habitats, particularly light complex diverse microenvironmental alterations understory. This study quantified effects flooded areas on changes The relationships between changes, soil physicochemical properties, physiological characteristics were investigated through cross-experiment that compared whether process was existed. results revealed gap increased diversity conditions ground; floods decreased temperature by 1.94 °C while they air humidity 8.19%. Flooding improved vertical distribution properties within also altering content indicators different directions. In research area, peroxidase activity (POD) exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05) understory euphratica, all after flooding. Changes microenvironments features together play important ecological role mitigating euphratica. These provide actionable theoretical basis for efficient management forests sustainable development zones.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic rate of angiosperm seeds: effects of allometry, phylogeny and bioclimate

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2041)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Energetics is considered a fundamental ‘currency’ of ecology and the way that metabolic rate (MR)—the energy expenditure on biological processes—scales relative to size organism can be both an adaptive benefit constraint in mediating energetic demands ecological processes. Since few investigations have examined this relationship for angiosperm seeds, we measured standard (SMR) 108 species’ spanning broad suite species. We used fluorescence-based closed-system respirometry at temperatures between 18°C 30°C, based optimal germination conditions, Q 10 corrected 20°C. The allometric SMR as function seed mass was 0.081 × M 0.780 with ordinary least squares regression 0.057 0.746 phylogenetic generalized regression. This consistent pervasive allometry documented vegetative plants domesticated cultivars ( n = 14) which had higher residuals than wild species (seven weeds 87 Australian native species). For species, strongly related measures increasing environmental aridity (annual mean temperature precipitation, precipitation wettest quarter), seeds from arid environments having high MR supply needed germinate rapidly. By comparing diverse provide insights into inter-relationships physiology, distribution, climate domestication suggest energetics represents valuable addition established functional trait libraries biology.

Language: Английский

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