Interactions between climate change and urbanization will shape the future of biodiversity

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 436 - 447

Published: April 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Using urban pasts to speak to urban presents in the Anthropocene

Nature Cities, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 30 - 41

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

With more people now living in urban areas than outside of them, urbanism is becoming an increasingly important socioeconomic and ecological arena for our species the twenty-first century. Understanding historical regional variation trajectories land use has potential to provide long-term perspectives on pressing contemporary challenges. Here we review how novel methods approaches are enabling archeology shed new light past 5,500 years life. From exploring variability 'extreme' environments studying interaction Earth system, argue that provides a critical, growing reservoir knowledge scientists planners. Humanity urban, but not new, examples showcase striking variation. This Review synthesizes methodological other advances illustrate compellingly can inform current science understanding.

Language: Английский

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Insect ecology and conservation in urban areas: An overview of knowledge and needs

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 169 - 181

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Urban expansion across the globe profoundly impacts local biodiversity. The growing body of urban ecology research on animals has largely focused mammals and birds, whereas knowledge insect conservation in areas remains limited. To anchor this Special Issue (SI), we have taken a broad approach to editorial conducted structured literature search set scene. We provide here an overview existing reviews conservation, indicate where articles included SI contribute developing our understanding point priority for further investigation. Key themes (at individual, species, and/or community level) include influence habitat quality, quantity land use type diversity; anthropogenic pollution (for instance, heat, noise, light chemicals); connectivity changes structure density genetic diversity. Insect diversity abundance broadly decline with loss habitat. Beyond this, variation responses different taxa, or regions, methodological limitations individual studies make it challenging identify general patterns. environments should focus applying ecological theory understand patterns; investigating interactions between climate change contexts; identifying novel biodiversity; addressing harmonising approaches; exploring social historical factors must also consider into how best communicate value insects humans.

Language: Английский

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Urban evolutionary ecology brings exaptation back into focus

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(8), P. 719 - 726

Published: April 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Urbanisation-induced changes in the morphology of birds from a tropical city

Emu - Austral Ornithology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(4), P. 291 - 302

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

ABSTRACTUrbanisation is accompanied by major environmental changes that impact the structure and functioning of communities ecosystems, bringing new selective regimes for animal species eco-evolutionary dynamics. We aimed to evaluate whether urban intensification promotes ecomorphological in birds from a large city Central Brazil. Analyses were performed on set 1314 individuals 35 species, captured along gradient intensification. found significant morphological associated with evaluating ten traits body mass assemblage. Beak length showed most dramatic changes, was significantly shorter as function intensification, mainly insectivorous omnivorous species. These results reinforce notion caused human activities dense environments promote pressures resident bird species.KEYWORDS: Ecomorphologyurban areaurban animalsurban sprawlurban biodiversityurbanisation intensity AcknowledgmentsWe thank Rufford Foundation grant support made this study possible (Project 36888-1), Brazilian education agency 'Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento Pessoal Nível Superior' (CAPES) PhD fellowship EGS, CNPq researcher MÂM. are grateful MSD his valuable comments during our statistical analyses, WSP RNS their contributions research development. also all volunteers assistance fieldwork. The captures reported here licenced (SISBIO/ICMBio: 73880-4; CEMAVE/ICMBio: 4639/1-2; CEUA/UCB: 001/2020).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict interest author(s).Data availability statementAll data available upon request.Geolocation informationBrasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°47' Lat S 47°56′ Long W).Supplementary dataSupplemental article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2023.2253836Additional informationFundingThe authors gratefully [Project 36888-1],

Language: Английский

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Moving past the challenges and misconceptions in urban adaptation research

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Abstract Although the field of urban evolutionary ecology has recently expanded, much progress been made in identifying adaptations that arise as a result selective pressures within these unique environments. However, studies environments have rapidly increased, researchers recognized there are challenges and opportunities characterizing adaptation. Some consequence increased direct indirect human influence, which compounds long‐recognized issues with research on adaptive evolution more generally. In this perspective, we discuss several common to adaptation related (1) methodological approaches, (2) trait–environment relationships natural history organisms, (3) agents targets selection, (4) habitat heterogeneity. Ignoring may lead misconceptions further impede our ability draw conclusions regarding ecological processes Our goal is first shed light conceptual conducting help avoid propagation misconceptions. We summarize potential strategies move forward productively construct comprehensive picture adaptation, how also offer applications for research.

Language: Английский

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The City as an Evolutionary Hothouse—The Search for Rapid Evolution in Urban Settings

Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 308 - 308

Published: May 21, 2024

Cities are ubiquitous and, though a novel phenomenon by evolutionary standards, provide home for many species and exert particularly strong selection pressures on them. They thus offer unique opportunity to study rapid processes. We conducted scoping review of published studies documenting processes in urban environments, focusing primarily more recent work. Unfortunately, cities have not been attractive environments biological research remain poorly studied, despite slowly growing interest years. Nonetheless, we found the effects mutation, genetic drift, cities. However, show some geographic bias were always as conclusive might be desired. There is even support incipient speciation. Evidence across board less abundant than desirable, suggesting need data collection. The setting, with its stronger selection, common intermixing, abundance both human widespread potential non-human zoonosis hosts human-associated offers great opportunities further document evolution action explore conservation implications.

Language: Английский

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Rural selection drives the evolution of an urban–rural cline in coat color in gray squirrels

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Phenotypic differences between urban and rural populations are well-documented, but the evolutionary processes driving trait variation along urbanization gradients often unclear. We combined spatial data on abundance, variation, measurements of fitness to understand cline structure test for natural selection heritable coat color morphs (melanic, gray) eastern gray squirrels (

Language: Английский

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Not all cities are the same: variation in animal phenotypes across cities within urban ecology studies

Urban Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 1725 - 1737

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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Insight into the adaptive role of arachnid genome-wide duplication through chromosome-level genome assembly of the Western black widow spider

Journal of Heredity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 115(3), P. 241 - 252

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract Although spiders are one of the most diverse groups arthropods, genetic architecture their evolutionary adaptations is largely unknown. Specifically, ancient genome-wide duplication occurring during arachnid evolution ~450 mya resulted in a vast assembly gene families, yet extent to which selection has shaped this variation understudied. To aid comparative genome sequence analyses, we provide chromosome-level Western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus)—a focus due its silk properties, venom applications, and as model for urban adaptation. We used long-read Hi-C sequencing data, combined with transcriptomes, assemble 14 chromosomes 1.46 Gb genome, 38,393 genes annotated, BUSCO score 95.3%. Our analyses identified high repetitive content heterozygosity, consistent other genomes, led challenges characterization. eight genomes available species within Araneoidea group (orb weavers descendants) 1,827 single-copy orthologs. Of these, 155 exhibit significant positive primarily associated developmental genes, traits linked sensory perception. These results support hypothesis that several unique emerged from adaptive ohnologs—or retained ancestrally duplicated genes—from duplication. can serve understand how continually shapes ancestral duplications generating novel today between taxonomic groups.

Language: Английский

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