Unhealthy herds and the predator–spreader: Understanding when predation increases disease incidence and prevalence DOI Creative Commons
Robert Richards, Bret D. Elderd, Meghan A. Duffy

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Disease ecologists now recognize the limitation behind examining host-parasite interactions in isolation: community members-especially predators-dramatically affect dynamics. Although initial paradigm was that predation should reduce disease prey populations ("healthy herds hypothesis"), researchers have realized predators sometimes increase their prey. These "predator-spreaders" are recognized as critical to dynamics, but empirical research on topic remains fragmented. In a narrow sense, "predator-spreader" would be defined predator mechanically spreads parasites via feeding. However, and, subsequently, transmission many other ways such altering population structure, behavior, and physiology. We review existing evidence for these mechanisms provide heuristics incorporate features of host, predator, parasite, environment understand whether or not is likely predator-spreader. also guidance targeted study each mechanism quantifying effects parasitism way yields more general insights into factors promote spreading. aim offer better understanding this important underappreciated interaction path toward being able predict how changes will influence parasite

Language: Английский

Effects of migratory animals on resident parasite dynamics DOI
Jason E. Donaldson, Vanessa O. Ezenwa, Thomas A. Morrison

et al.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(7), P. 625 - 633

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Contrasting effects of sheep and cattle grazing on foliar fungal diseases by changing plant community characteristics DOI
Tianyun Li, Eric Allan,

Sihan Yang

et al.

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(5), P. 1172 - 1184

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Abstract Pathogens are ubiquitous in ecosystems and play a key role affecting host community structure. In grasslands, large grazing animals such as cattle sheep have been shown to affect foliar fungal pathogens. However, theory empirical studies come conflicting conclusions because grazers can directly indirectly impact pathogens through wide variety of mechanisms various may different ways. A better understanding the by which is important for fundamental herbivore pathogen interactions also optimise managements reduce outbreaks. Here, we investigate multiple livestock impacts grasslands. We integrate large‐scale experiment, with removal experiment manipulating plant density litter biomass, identify direct indirect effects two herbivores on life histories (biotrophs necrotrophs), temperate grassland northeast China. found that had contrasting impacts: significantly reduced load, both biotrophs necrotrophs, whereas increased biotrophic but did not necrotrophs. The were mostly mediated Cattle load it abundance susceptible, fast‐growing plants, overall while infection resistant species. Plant diversity these independent herbivores. Our results show competence. This suggests importance considering simultaneously evaluate host‐pathogen interactions. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Long-term Exposure to Industrial Chemical Contamination Affects the Magnitude of Predator-induced Immunosuppression in a Free-living Passerine DOI
Abdessalem Hammouda,

Tasnim Ayadi,

Slaheddine Selmi

et al.

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(3)

Published: Feb. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Unhealthy herds and the predator–spreader: Understanding when predation increases disease incidence and prevalence DOI Creative Commons
Robert Richards, Bret D. Elderd, Meghan A. Duffy

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Disease ecologists now recognize the limitation behind examining host-parasite interactions in isolation: community members-especially predators-dramatically affect dynamics. Although initial paradigm was that predation should reduce disease prey populations ("healthy herds hypothesis"), researchers have realized predators sometimes increase their prey. These "predator-spreaders" are recognized as critical to dynamics, but empirical research on topic remains fragmented. In a narrow sense, "predator-spreader" would be defined predator mechanically spreads parasites via feeding. However, and, subsequently, transmission many other ways such altering population structure, behavior, and physiology. We review existing evidence for these mechanisms provide heuristics incorporate features of host, predator, parasite, environment understand whether or not is likely predator-spreader. also guidance targeted study each mechanism quantifying effects parasitism way yields more general insights into factors promote spreading. aim offer better understanding this important underappreciated interaction path toward being able predict how changes will influence parasite

Language: Английский

Citations

4