A global perspective on the trophic geography of sharks

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 299 - 305

Published: Jan. 15, 2018

Language: Английский

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Stable isotope tracers: Enriching our perspectives and questions on sources, fates, rates, and pathways of major elements in aquatic systems

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 64(3), P. 950 - 981

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Abstract Stable isotope applications have evolved from simple characterizations of composition in organisms and organic matter, to highly complex methodologies on scales ranging individual compounds cells, broad ecosystem‐level approaches. New techniques are rapidly evolving, allowing novel, difficult, inconvenient questions be addressed. This article aims provide an overarching perspective how the field has where it is going with regard aquatic systems, some oceanographic limnological concepts derived these approaches, important challenges. To this end, we highlight a selection natural abundance tracer enrichment studies that represent wide range stable applications. These include rate processes biogeochemical cycling, source tracking, food webs, paleoenvironments. Our coverage by no means complete, but highlighting mixture classic new across research areas, our goal convey power tools excitement expanding field, while also encouraging scrutiny healthy respect for limitations assumptions necessary take full advantage powerful tools.

Language: Английский

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Insights into planktonic food-web dynamics through the lens of size and season

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Abstract Knowledge of the trophic structure and variability planktonic communities is a key factor in understanding food-web dynamics energy transfer from zooplankton to higher levels. In this study, we investigated how stable isotopes mesozooplankton species varied seasonally (winter, spring, autumn) relation environmental factors plankton size classes temperate coastal ecosystem. Our results showed that spring characterized by strongest vertical size-structured food-web, mainly fueled phytoplankton bloom. As result, displayed largest isotopic niche space divergence among species. On contrary, both pelagic benthic-derived carbon influenced low productive seasons (winter autumn), resulting more generalist strategies (trophic redundancy). Stable isotope mixing models were used explore different seasonal structures overall food web up predatory (i.e., mysids, chaetognaths, fish larvae). Different feeding found with predators having either clear preference for larger prey items (> 1 mm, herring dab larvae) or diet (sprat dragonets During seasons, seemed be opportunistic, on wide range but focusing smaller prey. Overall, architecture patterns linked components at base shaped main fluxes, recycled material. Additionally, these extended carnivorous plankton, such as larvae, emphasizing importance bottom-up processes.

Language: Английский

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The power and pitfalls of amino acid carbon stable isotopes for tracing origin and use of basal resources in food webs

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Abstract Natural and anthropogenic stressors alter the composition, biomass, nutritional quality of primary producers microorganisms, basal organisms that synthesize biomolecules essential for metazoan growth survival (i.e., resources). Traditional biomarkers have provided valuable insight into spatiotemporal dynamics resource use, but lack specificity in identifying multiple organisms, can be confounded by environmental physiological processes, do not always preserve tissues over long timescales. Carbon stable isotope ratios amino acids (δ 13 C‐EAA) show remarkable promise distinguishing clades with unique δ C‐EAA fingerprints are independent trophic processing variability, providing unparalleled potential their application. Understanding biochemical processes underpin C‐AA data is crucial, however, holistic robust inferences ecological applications. This comprehensive methodological review, first time, conceptualizes these mechanistic underpinnings drive among incorporates C values non‐essential generally overlooked studies, despite gain metabolic information. We conduct meta‐analyses published to test hypothesized AA‐specific fractionations organism clades, demonstrating phenylalanine separates vascular plant fingerprints, which strongly covaries phylogeny. further explore utility AAs separating dietary protein sources archaeological humans, showing differences information contained within different NEAAs. By scrutinizing many methodologies applied field, we highlight absence standardized analytical protocols, particularly sample pretreatments leading biases, inappropriate use statistical methods, reliance on unsuitable training data. To unlock full provide in‐depth explanations knowledge gaps, pitfalls, optimal practices this complex powerful approach assessing ecosystem change across scales.

Language: Английский

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Trends in tuna carbon isotopes suggest global changes in pelagic phytoplankton communities

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 458 - 470

Published: Oct. 3, 2019

Considerable uncertainty remains over how increasing atmospheric CO2 and anthropogenic climate changes are affecting open-ocean marine ecosystems from phytoplankton to top predators. Biological time series data thus urgently needed for the world's oceans. Here, we use carbon stable isotope composition of tuna provide a first insight into existence global trends in complex ecosystem dynamics oceanic cycle. From 2000 2015, considerable declines δ13 C values 0.8‰-2.5‰ were observed across three species sampled globally, with more substantial Pacific Ocean compared Atlantic Indian Oceans. Tuna recorded not only Suess effect, that is, fossil fuel-derived isotopically light being incorporated ecosystems, but also profound at base food webs. We suggest shift community structure, example, reduction 13 C-rich such as diatoms, and/or change physiology during this period, although does rule out other concomitant higher levels Our study establishes candidate essential ocean variable assess responses regional scales decadal timescales. Finally, will be invaluable calibrating validating earth system models project biota.

Language: Английский

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The stable isotope composition of organic and inorganic fossils in lake sediment records: Current understanding, challenges, and future directions

Quaternary Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 196, P. 154 - 176

Published: Aug. 9, 2018

Language: Английский

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Isotopic Tracking of Marine Animal Movement

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 137 - 172

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Amino Acid Isotope Analysis

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 173 - 190

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Using stable isotope analysis to answer fundamental questions in invasion ecology: Progress and prospects

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 196 - 214

Published: Nov. 2, 2019

Abstract What makes some species successful invaders while others fail, and why have major impacts in invaded ecosystems are pivotal questions that attracting research effort. The increasing availability of high resolution, georeferenced stable isotope landscapes (‘isoscapes’), coupled with the commercialization isotope‐enriched tracer molecules development new analytical approaches, is facilitating novel applications techniques ecology. We can now address ecological were previously intractable. review discuss how analysis (SIA) complement fundamental themes study biological invasions, especially answering relating to physiological mechanisms underlying invasion processes invader impacts. SIA was first used for simply describing diet but, more recently, SIA‐informed metrics population community trophic structure been advanced. These approaches permit comparison diets across space time provide quantitative tools compare food webs different stages invasion. has also quantifying competition resources between native non‐native (e.g. food, water, or nutrient use). Specific related modes dispersal origin distance/direction travelled) establishment be addressed using diverse taxa. An overarching goal highlight examples recent studies key areas ecology use these synthesize testable predictions where could applied future studies. conclude by highlighting several paths forward unresolved challenges rates, impacts, invasions potentially benefit from SIA.

Language: Английский

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Isoscapes reveal patterns of δ13C and δ15N of pelagic forage fish and squid in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Progress In Oceanography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 124 - 138

Published: April 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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