Getting the message right on nature‐based solutions to climate change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 1518 - 1546

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Abstract Nature‐based solutions (NbS)—solutions to societal challenges that involve working with nature—have recently gained popularity as an integrated approach can address climate change and biodiversity loss, while supporting sustainable development. Although well‐designed NbS deliver multiple benefits for people nature, much of the recent limelight has been on tree planting carbon sequestration. There are serious concerns this is distracting from need rapidly phase out use fossil fuels protect existing intact ecosystems. also expansion forestry framed a mitigation solution coming at cost rich biodiverse native ecosystems local resource rights. Here, we discuss promise pitfalls framing its current political traction, present recommendations how get message right. We urge policymakers, practitioners researchers consider synergies trade‐offs associated follow four guiding principles enable provide society: (1) not substitute rapid fuels; (2) wide range land in sea, just forests; (3) implemented full engagement consent Indigenous Peoples communities way respects their cultural ecological rights; (4) should be explicitly designed measurable biodiversity. Only by following these guidelines will design robust resilient urgent sustaining nature together, now into future.

Language: Английский

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The planetary role of seagrass conservation

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6606), P. 609 - 613

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Seagrasses are remarkable plants that have adapted to live in a marine environment. They form extensive meadows found globally bioengineer their local environments and preserve the coastal seascape. With increasing realization of planetary emergency we face, there is growing interest using seagrasses as nature-based solution for greenhouse gas mitigation. However, seagrass sensitivity stressors acute, many places, risk loss degradation persists. If ecological state remains compromised, then ability contribute solutions climate biodiversity crisis doubt. We examine major role play how rethinking conservation critical understanding part fighting our emergency.

Language: Английский

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Distribution of phosphorus cycling genes across land uses and microbial taxonomic groups based on metagenome and genome mining

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 174, P. 108826 - 108826

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Phosphorus (P) is an essential and limiting nutrient in soil tightly linked to fertility productivity. Microorganisms have developed different mechanisms respond P scarcity increase its availability soil, which are susceptible change under contrasting land uses. Here, we calculated compared metagenomic redundancy, as a measurement of ecosystem potential capacity, 23 key functional genes related organic mineralization, inorganic solubilization P-starvation response regulation forest, grassland cropland soils through mining public sequence repository. The redundancy those all currently published genomes (genome redundancy) from archaea, bacteria fungi was also studied. Microbes croplands grasslands showed higher (i.e., mineralize the action alkaline phosphatases (phoA, phoD phoX genes) solubilize (gcd pqqC) by producing gluconic acid than forests. Instead, capacity microbes phosphonates C–P lyases (phnG, phnH, …, phnM) found be impact use on encoding phytases (appA 3-phytase) dependent type phytase. Intermetagenome (potentiality per metagenome unit) reached maximum values for phosphatase production, starvation, denoting crucial role that these functions cycling. Proteobacteria, within Bacteria, Euryarchaeota, Archaea, greatest genomic scarcity. However, seems more restricted. present study provides overview how microbial regulate potentially with taxonomy microbes.

Language: Английский

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Novel Disturbance Regimes and Ecological Responses

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 63 - 83

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Many natural disturbances have a strong climate forcing, and concern is rising about how ecosystems will respond to disturbance regimes which they are not adapted. Novelty can arise either as attributes of the regime (e.g., frequency, severity, duration) shift beyond their historical ranges variation or new agents present historically emerge. How much novelty ecological systems absorb whether changing lead novel outcomes determined by responses communities, also subject change. Powerful conceptual frameworks exist for anticipating consequences regimes, but these remain challenging apply in real-world settings. Nonlinear relationships tipping points, feedbacks) particular because disproportionate effects. Future research should quantify rise assess capacity changes. Novel be potent catalysts

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis shows that wild large herbivores shape ecosystem properties and promote spatial heterogeneity

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 705 - 716

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Diversity begets stability: Sublinear growth and competitive coexistence across ecosystems

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6688)

Published: March 14, 2024

The worldwide loss of species diversity brings urgency to understanding how diverse ecosystems maintain stability. Whereas early ecological ideas and classic observations suggested that stability increases with diversity, theory makes the opposite prediction, leading long-standing "diversity-stability debate." Here, we show this puzzle can be resolved if growth scales as a sublinear power law biomass (exponent <1), exhibiting form population self-regulation analogous models individual ontogeny. We competitive interactions among populations do not lead exclusion, occurs logistic growth, but instead promote at higher diversity. Our model realigns predicts large-scale macroecological patterns. However, it an unsettling prediction: Biodiversity may accelerate destabilization ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Land conversion to agriculture induces taxonomic homogenization of soil microbial communities globally

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 29, 2024

Abstract Agriculture contributes to a decline in local species diversity and above- below-ground biotic homogenization. Here, we conduct continental survey using 1185 soil samples compare microbial communities from natural ecosystems (forest, grassland, wetland) with converted agricultural land. We combine our results global meta-analysis of available sequencing data that cover more than 2400 across six continents. Our combined demonstrate land conversion taxonomic functional homogenization bacteria, mainly driven by the increase geographic ranges taxa croplands. find 20% phylotypes are decreased 23% increased conversion, croplands enriched Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadota, Planctomycetota, Myxcoccota Latescibacterota . Although there is no significant difference composition between land, genes involved nitrogen fixation, phosphorus mineralization transportation depleted cropland. provide insight into consequences land-use change on diversity.

Language: Английский

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Rising water temperature in rivers: Ecological impacts and future resilience

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(4)

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract Rising water temperatures in rivers due to climate change are already having observable impacts on river ecosystems. Warming has both direct and indirect aquatic life, further aggravates pervasive issues such as eutrophication, pollution, the spread of disease. Animals can survive higher through physiological and/or genetic acclimation, behavioral phenological change, range shifts more suitable locations. As such, those animals that adapted cool‐water regions typically found high altitudes latitudes where there fewer dispersal opportunities most at risk future extinction. However, sub‐lethal animal physiology phenology, body‐size, trophic interactions could have significant population‐level effects elsewhere. Rivers vulnerable warming because historic management left them exposed solar radiation removal riparian shade, hydrologically disconnected longitudinally, laterally, vertically. The resilience riverine ecosystems is also limited by anthropogenic simplification habitats, with implications for resource use resident organisms. Due complex ecosystems, species‐specific response organisms warming, predicting how will challenging. Restoring provide connectivity heterogeneity conditions would a expected co‐occurring pressures, including should be considered priority part global strategies adaptation mitigation. This article categorized under: Science Water > Environmental Change Life Nature Freshwater Ecosystems Stresses Pressures

Language: Английский

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Application of Functional Traits in Modelling Productivity and Resilience Under Climate Change

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The changing climatic trends have increased global temperatures and drought risk, thus accelerating catastrophes that threaten food, nutrition, environmental security. Functional traits, inherent characteristics of organisms influencing their interactions with the environment, are indispensable tools in understanding predicting ecosystem responses to climate fluctuations. chapter explores integration functional traits into various modelling approaches, including species distribution models (SDMs) trait-based community assembly models, showcasing power anticipate shifts distributions compositions under change. It also highlights how underpin essential processes resilience assessments, emphasizing role sustaining productivity adaptability. Practical applications agriculture, forestry, aquatic systems, invasive management, restoration ecology underscore real-world relevance. acknowledges challenges data collection charts future research directions, ultimately critical importance navigating complex posed by change ecological systems.

Language: Английский

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Unforeseen plant phenotypic diversity in a dry and grazed world

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 632(8026), P. 808 - 814

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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