Challenges and Opportunities in Aligning Conservation with Development in China’s National Parks: A Narrative Literature Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(19), P. 12778 - 12778

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

As part of its effort to balance economic development with environmental objectives, China has established a new national park system, the first five locations formally in 2021. However, as parks all host or are proximate human populations, aligning socioeconomic needs and aspirations local communities conservation aims is critical for long-term success parks. In this narrative review, authors identify ecological priorities stakeholders each parks; explore tensions synergies between these stakeholders; synthesize policy recommendations most frequently cited literature. A total 119 studies were reviewed. Aligning traditional livelihoods conservation, limiting road construction, promoting education awareness, supporting sustainable tourism industry identified important steps

Language: Английский

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Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Livestock Predation by Leopards in Bardia National Park, Nepal

Land, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1156 - 1156

Published: May 31, 2023

Human–wildlife conflict is a challenging issue that requires the attention of conservationists worldwide. Habitat fragmentation and encroachment reduce abundance prey species, an increase in number predators leads to higher risk with large cats such as leopards, jeopardizing conservation efforts. This study explored spatio-temporal pattern human–leopard Bardia National Park, Nepal, from 2000 2020. To analyze we used data (compensation cases filed park) buffer zone management office, Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC), Department Park Wildlife (DNPWC). Leopard attacks on livestock are increasing exponentially, 3335 killed 2652 occurring during period. Although depredation by leopards occurred all over park, southern cluster has most documented damage (64.01%). The eastern northern clusters reported fluctuating dispersed predation events, respectively. Our spatial analysis indicated no effect topography (slope) leopards. We recorded highest leopard dry winter season when nights longer remain their sheds. carnivore mostly limited its small-sized (95.77%) goats, sheep, pigs, whereas large-sized (cow buffalo) were least frequent. Among livestock, goats predated (66.92%), followed pigs (20.30%), seasons. escalating BNP thus severe threat efforts park already invested substantial amount money (approx. USD 80,000) compensating lost last two decades. Improving habitat conditions competition inside developing insurance scheme humans, providing support upgraded sheds, development practical feasible strategies focus specific animals national needed conflicts maintain co-existence between wildlife human beings.

Language: Английский

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The fine‐scale movement pattern of Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) responds to winter habitat permeability

Wildlife Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(3), P. 119 - 130

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Abstract The number of Amur tigers living in protected regions is increasing, and China has achieved significant progress this regard, especially at the Sino‐Russia border region around Hunchun where most are found China. However, there a need to increase dispersal further from as not large enough support sustainable survival population. In winter 2012–2015 January 2022, we tracked 38 tiger snow traces performed line transect camera trap surveys assess movements response landscape its permeability fine scales. Our results showed that towns, shrubs, forest roads main factors influencing movements. Furthermore, paths were characterized by lower tortuosity preferred habitats. This provides information for small‐scale habitat modification facilitate dispersal.

Language: Английский

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AF‐TigerNet: A lightweight anchor‐free network for real‐time Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) detection

Wildlife Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 32 - 41

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract Monitoring the critically endangered Amur tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica ) is crucial for conservation of natural environment. This paper proposes a novel lightweight deep‐learning network detecting tigers in mobile and resource‐constrained environments, like those using unmanned aerial vehicles. The uses an anchor‐free mechanism with modified CSPNet cross stage partial (CSP)‐path aggregation (PAN) structures, which improves model's feature extraction capabilities. Label assignment strategy also improved to stabilize model training process. Additionally, random Mosaic Mixup data augmentation utilized address overfitting issue due insufficient set. achieves 55.5% mean average precision (mAP [0.5:0.95]) only 0.617 million parameters 73.58 frames per second on CPU pixels input. Results show that accurate, fast, practical detector tiger, serving as reference wildlife detectors other species.

Language: Английский

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Priority Corridor Zone for Human-Tiger Conflict Mitigation: A Landscape Connectivity Approach in West Sumatra Region, Indonesia

Journal for Nature Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 126501 - 126501

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Conservation Prioritization in a Tiger Landscape: Is Umbrella Species Enough?

Land, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 371 - 371

Published: March 3, 2022

Conservation approaches in tiger landscapes have focused on single species and their habitat. Further, the limited extent of existing protected area network India lacks representativeness, habitat connectivity, integration larger landscape. Our objective was to identify sites important for connected biodiversity potential Greater Panna Landscape, central India. we aimed set targets at landscape level conservation prioritize these within each district as specific management/conservation zones. We used earth observation data derive an index potential. Marxan that met with minimum costs. found protect 50% 20% must be conserved. To conserve 100% high potential, moderate 25% low 55% represent both biodiversity, 62% total requires or restoration intervention. The prioritized zones can prove significant hierarchical decision making, involving multiple stakeholders landscape, including other range areas.

Language: Английский

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Population genomics reveals extensive inbreeding and purging of mutational load in wild Amur tigers

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 10, 2023

Abstract The inbreeding is a big threat for the persistence of genetic diversity in small and isolated populations endangered species. homozygous genome could exacerbate depression by introducing deleterious alleles population. However, purging loads as they become homozygotes alleviate depression. Amur tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica ) typically exists population living forests Northeast Asia among most animals on planet with great symbolic significance conservation. By comparing captive individuals, we revealed substantially higher more extensive wild (F ROH =0.51) than tigers =0.26). We further found much less mutational when compared tigers. frequency loss function nonsynonymous mutations inside regions are lower that non-ROH both tigers, indicating may had occurred but effective In addition, average was neutral population, purifying selection contributed to These findings provide valuable genome-wide evidence support making future conservation plans

Language: Английский

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Quantitative Assessment of the Risk of Human Activities on Landscape Fragmentation: A Case Study of Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park

SSRN Electronic Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Risk assessment of human activities on landscape fragmentation in nature reserves can effectively balance the conflict between wildlife conservation and development. However, previous studies had been unable to quantitatively assess risk fragmentation. Thus, we constructed a methodology different Landscape Fragmentation Composite Index (LFCI) Northeast China Tiger Leopard National Park (NCTLNP). First, fitted relationship curve LFCI activity factors based Generalized Additive Model (GAM) determine impact patterns each factor LFCI. Secondly, identified areas by location threshold points analyzed their spatiotemporal variation characteristics from 2015 2020. The results show that Land Use Intensity (LUI) showed an inverted "U" shape, with Population Density (POPD) "rising-flat-rising" trend, Traffic Accessibility (TA) Industrial Mining Activity (IMA) positive correlation after flat interval. In addition, found LUI IMA were widely distributed remained stable for five years. But POPD area was mainly around settlements expanded 6.6% 2020, TA strips 16.38% 2017 due construction G331 national road. And joint these four 1.55 times Our research provide reference ecological under other world.

Language: Английский

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Stable habitat supports long-term persistence of critically endangered western black crested gibbon

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47, P. e02657 - e02657

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

Stable habitat provides sufficient food to sustain large species populations, and become a refuge under increasing environmental stress. also population source re-expand hotspot once the stress decreases. Thus, identifying protecting stable is key species' long-term persistence. We identified for critically endangered western black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) in Mt. Wuliang, where one of two largest populations this lives in. collected historical distribution data, modeled potential Wuliang during 2000, 2010, 2020. by overlaying layers from three time periods excluded patches smaller than home range. Gibbon habitats continuously expanded 2000 2010 (+13%), 2020 (+6%), indicating that are recovering at Wuliang. was 304 km2, mainly located mid-elevation (2 100 – 2 600 m). Nearly all (99%) groups occupied each period mean density 0.34 groups/ km2. group Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve (WNNR, 0.44 km2) 83% greater outside WNNR (0.24 km2). However, only 50% within WNNR. Thirteen require urgent conservation interventions. protected area ensure persistence these gibbons, but we still need involve recovery future.

Language: Английский

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Overview of modeling techniques for ecological Connectivity in heterogeneous landscape

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Abstract Ecological connectivity in a landscape is one of the crucial factors for biodiversity conservation. Especially case large mammals like top carnivores. Frequent environmental changes have resulted isolated world’s wildlife population which leads to increased pace loss. Moreover, Increased human inhabitants and shift towards edge forests provides animals with very less or no scope living wilderness. As result, ecological analysis planning are integral part another. This paper reviews available techniques quantifying dispersal landscape. A critical thorough review theories wide range methods, tools corridor conservation scenario done this paper. It also compiles various approach utilized globally. An exhaustive discussion on modeling such as graph theoretic approaches (least cost path analysis, network etc), circuit approaches, agent based models machine learning compiled improved decision making.

Language: Английский

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