The Role of Lithology on Concentration‐Discharge Relationships and Carbon Export in Two Adjacent Headwater Catchments

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(4)

Published: March 29, 2025

Abstract Headwater catchments have strong impacts on downstream waterways, near‐shore ecosystems, and the quality of water available for growing human populations. Thus, understanding how solutes are exported through these upland landscapes is critically important. A body literature highlights interaction topography, climate, critical zone structure as a key control streamflow chemical export. However, more focused work needed to pinpoint variability in subsurface across lithologically complex regions signals at catchment outlets. Here, we aim better understand lithology zones modulate response solute export patterns two central coastal California headwater that similar vegetation, climate but different lithologies. We monitored collected surface samples outlets dissolved major ions organic carbon (DOC) consecutive years. The with mélange bedrock displayed much flashier hydrologic behavior 7.8 times higher peak flow values 1.9 mean event concentrations DOC, suggesting shorter shallower paths likely arise from bedrock. Despite distinct DOC export, ion were broadly chemostatic, which may be driven by rapid reactions both catchments. Our contributes building an integrated subtle differences can profound routed

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem-size relationships of river populations and communities

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 571 - 584

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Foodscapes for salmon and other mobile consumers in river networks

BioScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 74(9), P. 586 - 600

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

Abstract Mobile consumers track fluctuating resources across heterogeneous landscapes to grow and survive. In river networks, the abundance accessibility of food energetic consequences foraging vary among habitats through time, providing a shifting mosaic growth opportunities for mobile consumers. However, framework integrating spatiotemporal dynamics potential within riverscapes has been lacking. We present concept foodscapes depict dynamic changes in abundance, accessibility, consumer physiology that contribute spatial temporal variation fish rivers. Drawing on case studies salmonid fishes from Alaska California, we illustrate how can provide plethora foraging, growth, life history potentially population resilience. identify knowledge gaps understanding approaches stewardship focus restoring diverse other networks.

Language: Английский

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Inclusion of bedrock vadose zone in dynamic global vegetation models is key for simulating vegetation structure and function

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(7), P. 1801 - 1826

Published: April 11, 2024

Abstract. Across many upland environments, soils are thin and plant roots extend into fractured weathered bedrock where moisture nutrients can be obtained. Root water extraction from unsaturated is widespread and, in explain gradients vegetation community composition, transpiration, sensitivity to climate. Despite increasing recognition of its importance, the “rock moisture” reservoir rarely incorporated Earth system models. Here, we address this weakness a widely used dynamic global model (DGVM; LPJ-GUESS). First, use flux-tracking deficit approach more accurately parameterize plant-accessible storage capacity across contiguous United States, which critically includes below depths typically prescribed by soil databases. Secondly, exploit field-based knowledge contrasting plant-available two types Northern California Coast Ranges as detailed case study. For study California, climate similar at areas, but site with thick ample rock supports temperate mixed broadleaf–needleleaf evergreen forest, whereas limited an oak savanna. The distinct biomes, seasonality magnitude transpiration primary productivity, baseflow magnitudes only emerge DGVM when new simple subsurface structure hydrology scheme parameterized capacities extending beyond bedrock. updated improve annual evapotranspiration estimates compared satellite-derived products, particularly seasonally dry regions. Specifically, allow for enhanced through season that better matches actual patterns. While made changes both hydrology, most important impacts on performance derive capacity. Our findings highlight importance explaining predicting function, climates. These motivate efforts incorporate vegetation, climate, landscape evolution

Language: Английский

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Strongholds for Pacific salmon: A proactive conservation strategy for ecosystem health, food security, biodiversity, and climate resilience

Fisheries, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 21, 2025

ABSTRACT Nested within the linked global crises of biodiversity loss and climate change are threats to cultural ecological keystones such as Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., a group species with widespread ecological, cultural, economic value. Wild can rally public support for ecosystem protection link place-based conservation efforts benefits. Realizing these benefits depends on leveraging broad advance forward-looking approaches that safeguard food security, biodiversity, resilience. Here we provide insights from multidecadal implementation proactive wild strategy at scale North Rim. This approach is necessary complement policies focused preventing extinction after populations habitats degraded it provides globally significant contributions targets including recent 30 × goals Convention Biological Diversity.

Language: Английский

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Anatomy of a range contraction: Flow–phenology mismatches threaten salmonid fishes near their trailing edge

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(14)

Published: March 31, 2025

Climate change is redistributing life on Earth, with profound impacts for ecosystems and human well-being. While repeat surveys separated by multidecadal intervals can determine whether observed shifts are in the expected direction (e.g., poleward or upslope due to climate change), they do not reveal their mechanisms time scales: were gradual responses environmental trends punctuated disturbance events. Here, we document population reductions temporary range contractions at multiple sites resulting from drought three Pacific salmonids ranges’ trailing edge. During California’s 2012 2016 historic multiyear drought, 2013 2014 winter stood apart because rainfall was both reduced delayed. Extremely low river flows during breeding season (“flow–phenology mismatch”) precluded access habitat. Chinook ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) experienced a down-river shift, entire cohorts failed individual tributaries (steelhead trout, O. mykiss ) watersheds (coho salmon, kisutch) . Salmonids returned impacted subsequent years, rescued reserves ocean, history diversity, and, one case, conservation broodstock program. Large losses can, however, leave trailing-edge populations vulnerable extinction demographic stochasticity, making permanent contraction more likely. When only few large storms occur high flow season, timing of particular plays an outsized role determining which migratory fish species able riverine grounds persist.

Language: Английский

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Determinants of Productive Capacity for Stream Salmonids

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 491 - 549

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Forestry impacts on stream flows and temperatures: A quantitative synthesis of paired catchment studies across the Pacific salmon range

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Forestry is pervasive across temperate North America and may influence aquatic environmental conditions such as flows temperatures, well important species Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.). While there have been many large‐scale forestry experiments using paired catchment designs, these studies yet to be quantitatively synthesized. Thus, it remains unclear whether impacts are consistent, context‐dependent or unpredictable. This study aims synthesize on streamflow temperature, through a systematic review synthesis of the range salmon. Specifically, we investigated generalizable relationships exist between intensity (percent watershed harvested) temperature. We also examined features (climate, hydrology lithology) harvest method mediated impacts. extracted information from 35 unique paired‐catchments California Alaska. had strong peak low maximum summer water but responses were quite variable. Across all catchments, elevated ~20% n = 31 catchments), reduced ~25% 13 catchments) increased temperatures ~15% average. However, variable not predictable based intensity, thus broader stressor–response supported. varied spatially. Peak flow with northward latitude temperature decreased eastward longitude. magnitude unrelated other attributes, which included climate (precipitation aridity), rain versus snow hydrology, elevation bedrock lithology. Harvest riparian buffer presence no detected effects statistical models explained proportion variation overall. Collectively, our results indicate that can substantial key conditions; however, impact was could clearly linked easily measured characteristics. implies broadly predictable. Probabilistic risk distributions potential therefore more useful for management in data‐poor situations.

Language: Английский

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Improving calibration of groundwater flow models using headwater streamflow intermittence

Hydrological Processes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Non‐perennial streams play a crucial role in ecological communities and the hydrological cycle. However, key parameters processes involved stream intermittency remain poorly understood. While climatic conditions, geology land use are well identified, assessment modelling of groundwater controls on streamflow intermittence challenge. In this study, we explore new opportunities to calibrate process‐based 3D flow models designed simulate hydrographic network dynamics groundwater‐fed headwaters. Streamflow measurements maps considered together constrain effective hydraulic properties aquifer hydrogeological models. The simulations were then validated using visual observations water presence/absence, provided by national monitoring France (ONDE). We tested methodology two pilot unconfined shallow crystalline catchments, Canut Nançon catchments (Brittany, France). found that both expansion/contraction required simultaneously estimate conductivity porosity with low uncertainties. calibration allowed good prediction intermittency, terms spatial extent. For studied, Nançon, is close reaching 1.5 × 10 −5 m/s 4.5 m/s, respectively. they differ more their storage capacity, estimated at 0.1% 2.2%, Lower capacity leads higher level fluctuations, shorter response times, an increase proportion intermittent reduction perennial flow. This framework for predicting headwater can be deployed improve our understanding different geomorphological, geological contexts. It will benefit from advances remote sensing crowdsourcing approaches generate observational data products high temporal resolution.

Language: Английский

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Geologic and Tectonic Controls on Deep Fracturing, Weathering, and Water Flow in the Central California Coast Range

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(13)

Published: July 4, 2024

Abstract The creation of fractures in bedrock dictates water movement through the critical zone, controlling weathering, vadose zone storage, and groundwater recharge. However, quantifying connections between fracturing, flow, chemical weathering remains challenging because limited access to deep zone. Here we overcome this challenge by coupling measurements from borehole drilling, monitoring, seismic refraction surveys central California Coast Range. Our results show that subsurface is highly fractured, which may be driven regional geologic tectonic setting. pervasively fractured rock facilitates infiltration meteoric down a table aligns with oxidation exhumed cores coincident adjacent intermittent first‐order stream channel. This work highlights need incorporate flow due pervasive fracturing into models catchment balances especially tectonically active landscapes.

Language: Английский

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