Developing a new method using thermal drones for population surveys of the world's rarest great ape species, Pongo tapanuliensis
Dede Aulia Rahman,
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Haryanto R. Putro,
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Tubagus Ahmad Mufawwaz
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et al.
Global Ecology and Conservation,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. e03463 - e03463
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Real-Time UAV Surveys with the Modular Detection and Targeting System: Balancing Wide-Area Coverage and High-Resolution Precision in Wildlife Monitoring
Ben Bartlett,
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Matheus Santos,
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Tom Dorian
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et al.
Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(5), P. 879 - 879
Published: March 1, 2025
This
study
presents
a
real-time,
adaptive
UAV
system
designed
to
enhance
ecological
surveys
by
overcoming
the
trade-off
between
wide-area
coverage
and
high-resolution
data
collection.
The
Modular
Detection
Targeting
System
(MDTS)
integrates
thermal
imaging
for
broad
detection
RGB
zoom
precise
species
identification.
Field
trials
demonstrated
system’s
ability
detect
record
both
avian
mammalian
with
significantly
reduced
redundant
improved
survey
efficiency.
Compared
traditional
methods,
MDTS
achieved
over
300-fold
improvements
in
image
resolution
up
1000-fold
reduction
volume.
modular
design
enables
rapid
adaptation
diverse
applications,
providing
classification-ready
while
minimizing
post-processing
demands.
These
results
highlight
as
scalable,
efficient
tool
wildlife
monitoring
environmental
research,
bridging
gap
actionable
insights.
Language: Английский
Drone noise differs by flight maneuver and model: implications for animal surveys
Drone Systems and Applications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12, P. 1 - 5
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Drones
are
becoming
a
common
tool
for
animal
monitoring;
however,
sound
emitted
from
drones
may
disturb
animals
and
bias
survey
results.
Understanding
noise
levels
produced
by
different
flight
maneuvers,
altitudes
(i.e.,
above
ground
level
(AGL)),
drone
models
could
mitigate
disturbance
during
surveys.
We
measured
maximum
(dB)
three
maneuvers
(hovering,
flyover,
turning)
among
eight
AGLs
(15–120
m)
two
vertical
(ascending
descending)
four
commercially
available
quadcopter
(DJI
Matrice
300,
200,
Phantom
3,
Autel
Evo
II),
accounting
wind
speed
comparing
to
ambient
(background)
noise.
Ascending,
descending,
hovering
more
compared
flyover
turning
maneuvers.
One
large
(Matrice
4.7
kg)
than
the
smaller
(Evo
II,
1.2
kg
1.1
kg).
However,
largest
6.4
similar
was
quietest
all
75
120
m
AGL,
providing
potential
size
advantages
with
less
disturbance.
Our
results
indicate
that
flights
consisting
of
likely
cause
surveys
prolonged
over
animals.
Language: Английский
Ship Emission Measurements Using Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Review
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(7), P. 1197 - 1197
Published: July 17, 2024
This
review
investigates
the
ship
emission
measurements
using
multirotor
unmanned
aerial
vehicles
(UAVs).
The
monitoring
of
emissions
from
shipping
is
a
priority
globally,
because
necessity
to
reduce
air
pollution
and
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Moreover,
there
widespread
global
effort
extensively
measure
vessel
fuel
sulfur
content
(FSC).
majority
studies
indicate
that
more
commonly
used
methods
for
measuring
with
UAVs
sniffing
method.
Most
research
concerned
determining
content.
Fuel
can
be
determined
by
ratio
CO2
SO2
concentration
in
exhaust
plume.
For
CO2,
non-dispersive
infrared
(NDIR)
method
used,
most
common
range
reaches
0–2000
ppm,
overall
0–10,000
detection
accuracy
±5–300
ppm.
SO2,
electrochemical
(EC)
0–100
±5
Common
UAV
characteristics,
measurement
ships,
involve
following:
8–10
m/s
wind
resistance,
5–6
kg
maximum
payload,
flight
distance
ranging
5
10
km.
change
near
future,
since
variety
devices
mounted
on
are
available
market.
elements
differs
device
device,
but
ranges
allowed
provides
good
possibilities
wider
into
Language: Английский
Choosing the best small‐mammal survey method to maximize efficiency and accurately inform wildlife hazard management at airports
Wildlife Society Bulletin,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 11, 2025
Abstract
Small
mammals
compose
a
prey
base
for
larger
predators,
species
that
pose
animal‐aircraft
collision
risk
(strike
risk).
Surveys
of
small
at
airports
inform
relative
abundance
estimates,
information
used
by
airport
biologists
to
direct
management
reduce
strike
risk.
New
survey
technologies
present
an
opportunity
evaluate
best‐management‐practices
small‐mammal
methods.
Our
objectives
were
1)
describe
the
environment
and
reasoning
conducting
population
2)
review
goals
surveys
airports,
3)
conduct
formal
literature
methods
4)
compare/contrast
types
designs,
5)
identify
most
promising
method(s).
A
desired
method
provides
(not
absolute)
estimate,
is
accurate,
labor‐
cost‐efficient,
repeatable,
poses
little
hazard
operations.
For
each
method,
we
provided
advantages
disadvantages,
common
biases,
units
measurement,
time
from
data
collection
indices,
equipment
costs,
labor
costs.
Eight
assessed
use
in
settings,
including
snap‐traps,
live‐traps,
active
burrows,
trail
cameras,
tracking
tunnels,
chew
blocks/cards,
thermal
optics,
Uncrewed
Aircraft
Systems
(UAS).
We
identified
snap‐traps
tunnels
as
2
considering
breadth
applications
across
land
covers
climate,
given
their
low
moderate
short
deployment
calculating
estimate
(e.g.,
individuals
per
trap
or
tunnel
nights).
Although
newer
surveying
are
available,
they
weaker
candidates
because
reduced
detections
dense
grass
(thermal
cameras),
extensive
image
processing
times
UAS),
challenges
with
permit
acquisition
UAS).
Methods
should
be
revisited
periodically
alternative
methods/technologies
could
offer
advances
via
automation
equal
enhanced
accuracy.
Airport
wildlife
managers
consider
various
options
when
choosing
appropriate
capitalize
on
accuracy,
efficiency,
safety.
Language: Английский
Aerial Wildlife Image Repository for animal monitoring with drones in the age of artificial intelligence
Database,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2024
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Drones
(unoccupied
aircraft
systems)
have
become
effective
tools
for
wildlife
monitoring
and
conservation.
Automated
animal
detection
classification
using
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
can
substantially
reduce
logistical
financial
costs
improve
drone
surveys.
However,
the
lack
of
annotated
imagery
training
AI
is
a
critical
bottleneck
in
achieving
accurate
performance
algorithms
compared
to
other
fields.
To
bridge
this
gap
help
advance
standardize
automated
classification,
we
created
Aerial
Wildlife
Image
Repository
(AWIR),
which
dynamic,
interactive
database
with
images
captured
from
platforms
visible
thermal
cameras.
The
AWIR
provides
first
open-access
repository
users
upload,
annotate,
curate
animals
acquired
drones.
also
benchmark
datasets
that
download
train
automatically
detect
classify
animals,
compare
algorithm
performance.
contains
6587
objects
1325
predominantly
large
birds
mammals
13
species
open
areas
North
America.
As
contributors
increase
taxonomic
geographic
diversity
available
images,
will
future
avenues
research
surveys
drones
conservation
applications.
Database
URL:
https://projectportal.gri.msstate.edu/awir/.
Language: Английский
Evaluating Thermal Infrared Drone Flight Parameters on Spider Monkey Detection in Tropical Forests
Sensors,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(17), P. 5659 - 5659
Published: Aug. 30, 2024
Geoffroy's
spider
monkeys,
an
endangered,
fast-moving
arboreal
primate
species
with
a
large
home
range
and
high
degree
of
fission-fusion
dynamics,
are
challenging
to
survey
in
their
natural
habitats.
Our
objective
was
evaluate
how
different
flight
parameters
affect
the
detectability
monkeys
videos
recorded
by
drone
equipped
thermal
infrared
camera
examine
level
agreement
between
coders.
We
used
generalized
linear
mixed
models
impact
speed
(2,
4,
6
m/s),
height
(40,
50
m
above
ground
level),
angle
(-45°,
-90°)
on
monkey
counts
closed-canopy
forest
Yucatan
Peninsula,
Mexico.
results
indicate
that
none
three
affected
number
detected
monkeys.
Agreement
coders
"substantial"
(Fleiss'
kappa
coefficient
=
0.61-0.80)
most
cases
for
thermal-contrast
zones.
study
contributes
development
standardized
protocols,
which
essential
obtain
accurate
data
presence
abundance
wild
populations.
Based
our
results,
we
recommend
performing
surveys
other
medium-sized
mammals
small
commercial
at
4
m/s
speed,
15
canopy
height,
-90°
angle.
However,
these
recommendations
may
vary
depending
size
noise
produced
model.
Language: Английский
An unmanned aerial vehicle pipeline to estimate body volume at scale for ecological monitoring
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 23, 2023
Abstract
Demographic
data
are
essential
to
construct
mechanistic
models
understand
how
populations
change
over
time
and
in
response
global
threats
like
climate
change.
Existing
demographic
either
lacking
or
insufficient
for
many
species,
particularly
those
that
challenging
study,
such
as
marine
mammals.
A
pipeline
collecting
accurate
robust
at
scale
would
fill
this
knowledge
gap
including
mammals
pinnipeds
(seals,
sea
lions,
walruses).
We
introduce
a
non-invasive
estimate
the
3D
body
size
(volume)
of
species
will
allow
monitoring
high
spatial
temporal
scales.
Our
integrates
structure-from-motion
photogrammetry
collected
via
planned
flight
missions
using
off-the-shelf,
multirotor
unmanned
aerial
vehicles
(UAVs).
apply
validate
on
grey
seal
Halichoerus
grypus
,
spends
much
its
but
is
predictably
observable
during
annual
breeding
season.
investigate
optimal
ground
sampling
distance
(GSD)
surveys
by
calculating
success
rates
accuracy
volume
estimates
individuals
different
elevations.
establish
an
GSD
0.8
cm
px
-1
animals
similar
UK
seals
(∼1.4
-
2.5
m
length),
making
our
reproducible
applicable
broad
range
organisms.
Volume
were
could
be
made
up
68%
hauled-out
study
areas.
Finally,
we
highlight
six
key
traits
make
well-suited
estimating
following
pipeline.
Good
candidates
include
large
reptiles
crocodiles,
hippopotamus,
shrubs
bushes
deserts
Mediterranean
habitats.
accurately
individual
macrovertebrates
time-and
cost-effective
manner
whilst
minimising
disturbance.
Whilst
approach
applied
here,
adaptable
taxa
otherwise
study.
proposed
therefore
opens
previously
inaccessible
areas
Tree
Life
studies,
which
improve
ability
protect
conserve
these
into
future.
Language: Английский
Wildlife monitoring with drones: A survey of end users
Wildlife Society Bulletin,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
48(3)
Published: June 24, 2024
Abstract
Rapid
advancements
in
technology
often
yield
research
inquiry
into
novel
applications
and
drone
(i.e.,
unoccupied
aircraft
systems
or
UAS)
wildlife
management
are
no
exception.
We
questioned
the
time
lag
between
drone‐related
end‐user
assessments.
implemented
an
online,
cross‐sectional
survey
of
professionals
to
better
understand
current
use
benefits
concerns,
complemented
by
a
review
contemporary
peer‐reviewed
gray
literature.
found
little
disparity
scientific
experiences
similar
trends
among
concerns
published
literature
results).
Exploring
new
computer
vision)
refining
original
evaluating
animal
behavior
responses
during
monitoring)
were
strong
pilots
relatively
minimal
experience
(1–5
years).
Advancements
changes
legislation
will
continue
offer
challenges.
Language: Английский
Heating decoys to mimic thermal signatures of live animals for drones
MethodsX,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13, P. 102933 - 102933
Published: Aug. 30, 2024
Thermal
sensors
mounted
on
drones
(unoccupied
aircraft
systems)
are
popular
and
effective
tools
for
monitoring
cryptic
animal
species,
although
few
studies
have
quantified
sampling
error
of
counts
from
thermal
images.
Using
decoys
is
one
strategy
to
quantify
bias
count
accuracy;
however,
plastic
do
not
mimic
signatures
representative
species.
Our
objective
was
produce
heat
in
realistically
match
images
live
animals
obtained
a
drone-based
sensor.
We
tested
commercially
available
methods
three
different
size
classes,
including
chemical
foot
warmers,
manually
heated
water,
electric
socks,
pad,
or
blanket,
mini
small
space
heaters.
used
criteria
two
categories,
1)
external
temperature
differences
ambient
temperatures
(ambient
difference)
2)
color
bins
palette
drone
near
the
ground
air,
determine
if
adequately
matched
respective
four
body
regions.
Three
achieved
similar
regions
predominantly
corresponding
yellow
air.
Pigeon
were
best
most
consistently
with
three-foot
warmers.
Goose
deer
by
heaters,
respectively,
their
cavities,
sock
head
goose
decoy.
The
materials
equipment
our
heating
relatively
inexpensive,
items
that
provide
sustained
could
be
adapted
various
shapes
sizes
wide
range
avian
mammalian
future
validate
methodologies
surveys
sensors.•We
determined
optimal
inexpensive
animals.•Methods
improve
studies.
Language: Английский