The Emerging Ecological and Biogeochemical Importance of Sponges on Coral Reefs

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 315 - 337

Published: June 21, 2019

With the decline of reef-building corals on tropical reefs, sponges have emerged as an important component changing coral reef ecosystems. Seemingly simple, are highly diverse taxonomically, morphologically, and in terms their relationships with symbiotic microbes, they one nature's richest sources novel secondary metabolites. Unlike most other benthic organisms, capacity to disrupt boundary flow pump large volumes seawater into water column. This is chemically transformed it passes through sponge body a consequence feeding, excretion, activities microbial symbionts, effects carbon nutrient cycling organisms column adjacent reef. In this review, we critically evaluate developments recently dynamic research area ecology reefs provide perspective for future studies.

Language: Английский

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Sponges to Be Winners under Near-Future Climate Scenarios

BioScience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(12), P. 955 - 968

Published: Oct. 18, 2018

Sponges are functionally important components of global benthic environments and have been proposed as potential winners under future climate scenarios. We review the evidence to support this hypothesis by examining individual combined effects ocean warming (OW) acidification (OA) on sponges comparing sponge responses with tolerance thresholds for other organisms. Although generally tolerant OA may even benefit from elevated partial pressure carbon dioxide, they often sensitive seawater temperatures only a few degrees higher than their normal range. Sponge OW more positive response alone. found that less affected or number currently dominant organisms, such corals. Therefore, expected near-future scenarios, although species-specific differences in will likely shift assemblage composition toward resilient species.

Language: Английский

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Coral Reef Microorganisms in a Changing Climate

iScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 100972 - 100972

Published: March 9, 2020

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems on planet, yet they have suffered tremendous losses due to anthropogenic disturbances predicted be adversely affected habitats under future climate change conditions. can viewed as microbially driven that rely efficient capture, retention, recycling nutrients in order thrive oligotrophic waters. Microorganisms play vital roles maintaining holobiont health ecosystem resilience environmental stress; however, also key players positive feedback loops intensify coral reef decline, with cascading effects biogeochemical cycles marine food webs. There is an urgent need develop a fundamental understanding complex microbial interactions within their role acclimatization, it important include microorganisms conservation secure for these unique environments.

Language: Английский

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Species-Habitat Associations: Spatial data, predictive models, and ecological insights

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Ecologists develop species-habitat association (SHA) models to understand where species occur, why they are there and else might be. This knowledge can be used designate protected areas, estimate anthropogenic impacts on living organisms assess risks from invasive or disease spill-over wildlife humans. Here, we describe the state of art in SHA models, looking beyond apparent correlations between positions their local environment. We highlight importance ecological mechanisms, synthesize diverse modelling frameworks motivate development new analytical methods. Above all, aim synthetic, bringing together several apparently disconnected pieces theory, taxonomy, spatiotemporal scales, mathematical statistical technique our field. The first edition this ebook reviews ecology associations, mechanistic interpretation existing empirical shared foundations that help us draw scientific insights field data. It will interest graduate students professionals for an introduction literature SHAs, practitioners seeking analyse data animal movements distributions quantitative ecologists contribute methods addressing limitations current incarnations models.

Language: Английский

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A community perspective on the concept of marine holobionts: current status, challenges, and future directions

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9, P. e10911 - e10911

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

Host-microbe interactions play crucial roles in marine ecosystems. However, we still have very little understanding of the mechanisms that govern these relationships, evolutionary processes shape them, and their ecological consequences. The holobiont concept is a renewed paradigm biology can help to describe understand complex systems. It posits host its associated microbiota with which it interacts, form holobiont, be studied together as coherent biological functional unit biology, ecology, evolution. Here discuss critical concepts opportunities research identify key challenges field. We highlight potential economic, sociological, environmental impacts biological, evolutionary, sciences. Given connectivity unexplored biodiversity specific ecosystems, deeper such systems requires further technological conceptual advances, e.g., development controlled experimental model for holobionts from all major lineages modeling (info)chemical-mediated between organisms. propose one significant challenge bridge cross-disciplinary on tractable order address questions. This first step decipher main drivers dynamics evolution account applied areas, conservation, management, exploitation ecosystems resources, where practical solutions predict mitigate impact human activities are more important than ever.

Language: Английский

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Cophylogeny and convergence shape holobiont evolution in sponge–microbe symbioses

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 750 - 762

Published: April 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Heterotrophy in marine animal forests in an era of climate change

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 965 - 978

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Marine animal forests (MAFs) are benthic ecosystems characterised by biogenic three-dimensional structures formed suspension feeders such as corals, gorgonians, sponges and bivalves. They comprise highly diversified communities among the most productive in world's oceans. However, MAFs decline due to global local stressors that threaten survival growth of their foundational species associated biodiversity. Innovative scalable interventions needed address degradation increase resilience under change. Surprisingly, few studies have considered trophic interactions heterotrophic feeding MAF an integral component conservation. Yet, important for nutrient cycling, energy flow within food web, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, stability. This comprehensive review describes at all levels ecological organisation tropical, temperate, cold-water MAFs. It examines strengths weaknesses available tools estimating capacities then discusses threats climate change poses processes. Finally, it presents strategies improving heterotrophy, which can help maintain health

Language: Английский

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Changes in the metabolic potential of the sponge microbiome under ocean acidification

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Sept. 12, 2019

Abstract Anthropogenic CO 2 emissions are causing ocean acidification, which can affect the physiology of marine organisms. Here we assess possible effects acidification on metabolic potential sponge symbionts, inferred by metagenomic analyses microbiomes two species sampled at a shallow volcanic seep and nearby control reef. When comparing microbial functions between sites, microbiome Stylissa flabelliformis (which is more abundant site) exhibits reduced for uptake exogenous carbohydrates amino acids, degradation host-derived creatine, creatinine taurine. The Coelocarteria singaporensis seep) carbohydrate import seep, but greater capacity archaeal carbon fixation via 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate pathway, as well bacterial urea production ammonia assimilation from arginine creatine catabolism. Together these features might contribute to enhanced tolerance possibly their host, acidification.

Language: Английский

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Coral reef benthic community changes in the Anthropocene: Biogeographic heterogeneity, overlooked configurations, and methodology

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 1956 - 1971

Published: Dec. 24, 2021

Non-random community changes are becoming more frequent in many ecosystems. In coral reefs, towards communities dominated by other than hard corals increasing frequency, with severe impacts on ecosystem functioning and provision of services. Although new research suggests that a variety alternative (i.e. not corals) exist, knowledge the global diversity reef benthic communities, especially those algae, remains scattered. this systematic review meta-analysis 523 articles, we analyse different reported to date discuss advantages limitations methods used study these changes. Furthermore, field cover data (1116 reefs from ReefCheck database) explore biogeographic latitudinal patterns dominant organisms. We found mismatch between literature focus coral-algal (over half studies analysed) observed natural patterns. identified strong patterns, largest most biodiverse regions (Western Central Indo-Pacific) presenting previously overlooked soft-coral-dominated as abundant community. Finally, potential biases associated overlook ecologically important cryptobenthic technological advances improving monitoring efforts. As inevitably swiftly change under changing ocean conditions, there is an urgent need better understand distribution, dynamics well ecological societal communities.

Language: Английский

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Will coral reef sponges be winners in the Anthropocene?

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 3202 - 3211

Published: Feb. 13, 2020

Abstract Recent observations have shown that increases in climate change‐related coral mortality cause changes shallow reef community structure through phase shifts to alternative taxa. As a result, sponges emerged as potential candidate taxon become “winner,” and therefore numerically functionally dominant member of many communities. But, order for this occur, there must be sufficient trophic resources support larger populations these active filter‐feeding organisms. Globally, change is causing an increase sea surface temperatures (SSTs) decrease salinity, which can lead intensification the stratification nearshore waters (0–200 m), affects both mixed layer depth (MLD) strength duration internal waves. Specifically, change‐driven SSTs tropical are predicted increased stratification, more stabilized waters. This causes shallowing MLD prevents nutrients from reaching euphotic zone, net primary production (NPP) up 20% by end century. Lower NPP would subsequently affect multiple levels, including benthic communities, coupling between water column productivity benthos weakens. We argue here sponge may actually constrained, rather than promoted, due decreases their resources, caused bottom‐up forcing, secondary physical (i.e., resulting lower NPP). we predict sponge‐dominated reefs will rare, or short‐lived, if they occur at all into future Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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